Flight Instructor for Airplane Category › X. Slow flight, Stalls, and Spins › Task B. Demonstration of Flight Characteristics at Various Configurations and Airspeeds (ASEL and ASES)

AI.X.B.R7

Risk management

Effects of environmental elements on airplane performance and controllability. (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high density altitude).

Practice questions Ask the tutor

Study note

Get a short, cited explanation of this element written from the FAA handbooks: the core idea, the numbers that matter, common test traps, and a quick self-check.

From the FAA library

Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge p. 6-2
Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls
Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 5-9
Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight
pilot training and testing purposes, slow flight includes two main elements: ⦁ Slowing to, maneuvering at, and recovering from an airspeed at which the airplane is still capable of maintaining controlled flight without activating the stall warning—5 to 10 knots ... above the 1G stall speed is a good target. ⦁ Performing slow flight in configurations appropriate to takeoffs, climbs, descents, approaches to landing, and go-arounds. Slow flight should be introduced with the target airspeed sufficiently above the stall to permit…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 5-11
Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight › Maneuvering in Slow Flight
test. With an AOA just under the AOA which may cause an aerodynamic buffet or stall warning, the flight controls are less effective. [Figure 5-7] The elevator control is less responsive and larger control movements are necessary to retain ... control of the airplane. In propeller-driven airplanes, torque, slipstream effect, and P-factor may produce a strong left yaw, which requires right rudder input to maintain coordinated flight. The closer the airplane is to the 1G stall, the greater…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 4-6
Chapter 4: Energy Management: Mastering Altitude and Airspeed Control › Rules of Energy Control › Visualizing the Airplane’s Ability to “Move” Between Energy States
Rules of Energy Control The central principle encapsulating the role of the throttle and elevator for managing the airplane’s energy can be summed up as follows: coordinated throttle and elevator inputs control the airplane’s energy state. Modifying ... popular adage, the principle can be restated as “pitch plus power controls energy state.” This central principle serves to guide a set of general energy control rules to achieve and maintain any desired vertical flight path and airspeed targets within…
Aviation Instructor's Handbook p. 9-8
Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Positive Exchange of Flight Controls › Procedure
Procedure During flight training, there should always be a clear understanding between learners and flight instructors about who has control of the aircraft. The preflight briefing should include procedures for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step process ... exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended. When an instructor is teaching a maneuver to a learner, the instructor normally demonstrates the maneuver first, then has the learner follow along…
Airplane Flying Handbook p. 4-2
Chapter 4: Energy Management: Mastering Altitude and Airspeed Control › Viewing the Airplane as an Energy System › A Frame of Reference for Managing Energy State
example, if the pilot decides to put all the surplus energy into altitude, the airplane can climb at a constant airspeed. [Figure 4-1A] If the pilot opts to place all the surplus energy into airspeed, the airplane ... accelerate while maintaining altitude. [Figure 4-1B] When drag exceeds thrust, (T – D < 0), the airplane's total mechanical energy decreases. The pilot has two sources of stored energy to tap into. For example, the pilot may choose…