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  • Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Steep Turns

    During training in steep turns, as in any other maneuver, attend to the most important tasks first. Keep the pitch attitude relatively constant, and more time can be devoted to cross-check and instrument interpretation. During recovery from steep turns ... control in proportion to the changes in aerodynamic forces. Back elevator pressures must be released and power decreased. The common errors associated with steep turns are the same as those discussed later in this section. Remember, errors are more exaggerated…

  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Common Errors

    horizon and the terms “decreasing the pitch attitude” or “decrease pitch attitude” means lowering the nose in relation to the natural horizon. The pilot’s primary reference is the natural horizon. For all practical purposes, the airplane’s airspeed remains ... such as spoilers. Exposure to the effect of the various configurations should be covered in any specific airplane checkout. Common Errors A common error of a beginner pilot is attempting to hold the wings level by only observing the airplane…

  • Chapter 4: Energy Management: Mastering Altitude and Airspeed Control › Review of Terms and Definitions › Energy Distribution Error

    Energy Error An altitude and/or airspeed deviation from an intended target expressed in terms of energy. Depending on the airplane’s total amount of energy and its distribution between altitude and airspeed, energy errors are classified as total energy errors ... energy distribution errors, or a combination of both errors. Total Energy Error An energy error where the total amount of mechanical energy is not correct. The airplane has too much or too little total energy relative to the intended altitude…

  • Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Pitch › Common Errors in Straight-and-Level Flight

    Common Errors in Straight-and-Level Flight Pitch errors usually result from the following faults: 1. Improper adjustment of the attitude indicator’s miniature aircraft to the wings-level attitude. Following the initial level off from a climb, check ... airspeed. 4. Failure to interpret the attitude indicator in terms of the existing airspeed. 5. Late pitch corrections. Pilots commonly like to leave well enough alone. When the altimeter indicates a 20 foot error, there is a reluctance to correct…

  • Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Leveling Off › Common Errors in Straight Climbs and Descents

    Common Errors in Straight Climbs and Descents Common errors result from the following faults: 1. Overcontrolling pitch on climb entry. Until the pitch attitudes related to specific power settings used in climbs and descents are known, larger than necessary pitch…

  • 26 FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS OTHER THAN FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING › 26.2 Flight Instructor Certificate With Rotorcraft Category and Helicopter Class Rating

    attest to the applicant’s competence in these tasks. The following areas must be trained and documented in the endorsement, as evidence of instructional knowledge relating to the elements, common errors, performance, and correction of common errors related to straight ... previous practical test for deficiencies in instructional knowledge pertaining to the elements, common errors, performance, or correction of common errors related to straight-in autorotation in a single-engine helicopter or autorotation with turns in a single-engine helicopter…