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  • Index

    Turboprop engines Truboprop engine types 15-2 Fixed shaft Split shaft/free turbine engine Turbulent air approach and landing U Unusual attitude versus upsets 5-1 Upset prevention and recovery Upset prevention and recovery training (UPRT) Use of power V Maximum ... Minimum V1 Reduced V1 Variation of thrust with rpm Visibility Visual inspection of the aircraft 2-2 Visual preflight assessment V-speeds VR VX VY W Weather considerations Weathervaning Weight and balance Basic empty weight Empty weight Maximum landing weight…

  • Appendix A: Emergency Procedures › Loss of Situational Awareness (SA)

    Loss of Situational Awareness (SA) SA is an overall assessment of environmental elements and how they affect flight. SA permits the pilot to make decisions ahead of time and allows evaluation of several different options. Conversely, a pilot ... distractions, unusual or unexpected events, complacency, high workload, unfamiliar situations, and inoperative equipment. In some situations, a loss of SA may be beyond a pilot’s control. With an electrical system failure and associated loss of an attitude indication…

  • Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Unusual Attitudes and Recoveries › Recovery from Unusual Attitudes

    Recognizing Unusual Attitudes As a general rule, any time an instrument rate of movement or indication other than those associated with the basic instrument flight maneuvers is noted, assume an unusual attitude and increase the speed of cross-check ... confirm the attitude, instrument error, or instrument malfunction. Nose-high attitudes are shown by the rate and direction of movement of the altimeter needle, vertical speed needle, and airspeed needle, as well as the immediately recognizable indication of the attitude…

  • Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Unusual Attitudes

    Unusual Attitudes Any maneuver not required for normal helicopter instrument flight is an unusual attitude and may be caused by any one or combination of factors, such as turbulence, disorientation, instrument failure, confusion, preoccupation with flight deck duties, carelessness ... errors in instrument interpretation, or lack of proficiency in aircraft control. Due to the instability characteristics of the helicopter, unusual attitudes can be extremely critical. As soon as an unusual attitude is detected, make a recovery to straight-and-level…

  • Chapter 7, Section II: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Unusual Attitude Recovery Protection

    reference and should not be thought of as the artificial horizon. Another important advancement is the development of the unusual attitude recovery protection that is built into the PFD software and made capable by the AHRS. In the case ... nose-high unusual attitude, the unusual attitude recovery protection displays red chevrons that point back to the horizon line. These chevrons are positioned at 50° up on the attitude indicator. The chevrons appear when the aircraft approaches a nose-high…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Upset Prevention and Recovery › Unusual Attitudes Versus Upsets

    Upset Prevention and Recovery An unusual attitude is commonly referenced as an unintended or unexpected attitude in instrument flight. These unusual attitudes are introduced to a pilot during student pilot training as part of basic attitude instrument flying and continue ... rating, and an airline transport pilot certificate. A pilot is taught the conditions or situations that could cause an unusual attitude, with focus on how to recognize one, and how to recover from one. Unusual Attitudes Versus Upsets Given…