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  • Chapter 1: Introduction to Flight Training › Safety Considerations › Runway Incursion Avoidance

    Figure 1-13. Sedona Airport is one of the many airports that operate without a control tower. Planning, clear communications, and enhanced situational awareness during airport surface operations reduces the potential for surface incidents. Safe aircraft operations can be accomplished ... incidents eliminated if the pilot is properly trained early on and throughout their flying career on standard taxi operating procedures and practices. This requires the development of the formalized teaching of safe operating practices during taxi operations. The flight instructor…

  • Chapter 7: Helicopter Instrument Procedures › Operations Specifications

    Figure 7-4] The large flight tracks that resulted during the turning missed approach were attributed in part to operating the autopilot in the NAV mode and exceeding the 70 KIAS limit. Operations Specifications A flight operated under ... Part 135 has minimums and procedures more restrictive than a flight operated under 14 CFR Part 91. These Part 135 requirements are detailed in their operations specifications (OpSpecs). Helicopter Air Ambulance (HAA) operators have even more restrictive OpSpecs. Shown…

  • Chapter 1: Departure Procedures › Alternate Minimums for Commercial Operators

    authorized CAT I visibility for visibility minimums. This is one example of the criteria required for Part 121 operators when calculating minimums. Part 135 operators are also subject to their own specific rules regarding the selection and use of alternate ... their OpSpecs and 14 CFR Part 135, § 135.219 through 135.225, which are similar to those used by Part 121 operators with additional considerations. Commercial operators typically use dispatchers to plan flights, including selecting and filing alternate airports. The dispatcher considers…

  • Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents › Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) and Operations With Inoperative Equipment

    thorough and systematic means by which a pilot determines if an aircraft is airworthy and in condition for safe operation. POHs and owner/information manuals contain a section devoted to a systematic method of performing a preflight inspection. Minimum Equipment Lists ... Operations With Inoperative Equipment Under 14 CFR, all aircraft instruments and installed equipment are required to be operative prior to each departure. When the FAA adopted the minimum equipment list (MEL) concept for 14 CFR part 91 operations, it allowed…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › IFR Flight Plan › Cancelling IFR Flight Plans

    Cancelling IFR Flight Plans An IFR flight plan may be cancelled any time a pilot is operating in VFR conditions outside Class A airspace by stating “cancel my IFR flight plan” to the controller or air-toground station. After cancelling ... apply when cancelling an IFR flight plan within areas such as Class C or Class B airspace. When operating on an IFR flight plan to an airport with an operating control tower, a flight plan is cancelled automatically upon landing…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers

    surrounding environment. When performing these maneuvers, a pilot is probably taking the helicopter to the edge of the safe operating envelope. Therefore, if you are ever in doubt about the outcome of the maneuver, abort the mission entirely or wait ... area, approach and departure axes, and obstacles for both the approach and departure. The pilot should also give particular consideration to forced landing areas in case of an emergency…