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  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated)

    emergency landing may be given with the airplane in any configuration. If the simulated power failure occurs while above best glide speed, the pilot allows the airplane to slow (or may even bleed off speed by climbing) until reaching best ... glide speed. When reaching that speed, the nose can be lowered and the airplane trimmed to maintain that speed. If the failure occurs at or below best glide speed, the nose should be lowered immediately to maintain or accelerate…

  • Glossary › Numbers and Symbols

    Code of Federal Regulations that govern the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions. VLE. Landing gear extended speed. The maximum speed at which an airplane can be safely flown with the landing gear extended. VLO. Landing gear operating speed ... maximum speed for extending or retracting the landing gear if using an airplane equipped with retractable landing gear. VLOF. Lift-off speed. The speed at which the aircraft departs the runway during takeoff. VMC. Minimum control airspeed. This…

  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Glides

    Conversely, with a headwind, the airplane does not glide as far because of the slower groundspeed. This is important for a pilot to understand and manage when dealing with engine-related emergencies and any subsequent forced landing. During powered operations ... airplane design compensates for the effects of p-factor and propeller slipstream. While these effects disappear during a glide, the design compensation remains. During glides, it is likely that slight left rudder pressure will be required to maintain coordinated flight…

  • Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Jet Engine Landing › Landing Speeds

    Landing Speeds As in the takeoff planning, there are certain speeds that should be taken into consideration when landing a jet airplane. The speeds are as follows: ⦁ VSO —stall speed in the landing configuration. ⦁ VREF —1.3 times the stall speed ... landing configuration. ⦁ Approach climb—the speed that guarantees adequate performance in a go-around situation with an inoperative engine. ⦁ Landing climb—the speed that guarantees adequate performance in arresting the descent and making a go-around from the final stages…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Subsonic Versus Supersonic Flow

    Compressibility (and to a lesser extent viscosity) is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an aircraft. During flight, a wing produces ... lift by accelerating the airflow over the upper surface. This accelerated air can, and does, reach sonic speeds even though the aircraft itself may be flying subsonic. At some extreme AOAs, in some aircraft, the speed of the air over…