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  • Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Retractable Landing Gear › Emergency Gear Extension Systems

    Some airplanes have an emergency release handle in the flight deck, which is connected through a mechanical linkage to the gear uplocks. When the handle is operated, it releases the uplocks and allows the gear to free fall or extend ... uplock is accomplished using compressed gas, which is directed to uplock release cylinders. In some airplanes, design configurations make emergency extension of the landing gear by gravity and air loads alone impossible or impractical. In these airplanes, provisions are included…

  • Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Emergency Landings › Types of Emergency Landings

    Emergency Landings This section contains information on emergency landing techniques in small fixed-wing airplanes. The guidelines that are presented apply to the more adverse terrain conditions for which no practical training is possible. The objective is to instill ... pilot the knowledge that almost any terrain can be considered “suitable” for a survivable crash landing if the pilot knows how to use the airplane structure for self-protection and the protection of passengers. Types of Emergency Landings The different…

  • Chapter 2: Ground Operations › Preflight Assessment of the Aircraft › Landing Gear, Tires, and Brakes

    Landing Gear, Tires, and Brakes The landing gear, tires, and brakes allow the airplane to maneuver from and return to the ramp, taxiway, and runway environment in a precise and controlled manner. The landing gear, tires, and brakes should ... inspected to ensure that the airplane can be positively controlled on the ground. Landing gear on airplanes varies from simple fixed gear to complex retractable gear systems. Fixed landing gear is a gear system in which the landing gear struts…

  • Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Retractable Landing Gear › Landing Gear Systems

    Landing Gear Systems An electrical landing gear retraction system utilizes an electrically-driven motor for gear operation. The system is basically an electrically-driven jack for raising and lowering the gear. When a switch in the flight deck is moved ... position, the electric motor operates. Through a system of shafts, gears, adapters, an actuator screw, and a torque tube, a force is transmitted to the drag strut linkages. Thus, the gear retracts and locks. Struts are also activated that open…

  • Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Retractable Landing Gear › Landing Gear Safety Devices

    Landing Gear Safety Devices Most airplanes with a retractable landing gear have a gear warning horn that sounds when the airplane is configured for landing and the landing gear is not down and locked. Normally, the horn is linked ... certain airspeed, configuration, or power setting with the gear retracted, the warning horn sounds. Accidental retraction of a landing gear may be prevented by such devices as mechanical downlocks, safety switches, and ground locks. Mechanical downlocks are built-in components…

  • Chapter 12: Transition to Complex Airplanes › Retractable Landing Gear › Approach and Landing

    taken to lower the gear and establishes awareness so that the gear down indicators can be rechecked prior to landing. Unless good operating practices dictate otherwise, the landing roll should be completed and the airplane should be clear ... runway before any levers or switches are operated. This technique greatly reduces the chance of inadvertently retracting the landing gear while on the ground. Wait until after rollout and clearing the runway to focus attention on the after-landing checklist…