AI.XIII.B.S4

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

  Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 5-9
  Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight

  pilot training and testing purposes, slow flight includes two main elements: ⦁ Slowing to, maneuvering at, and recovering from an airspeed at which the airplane is still capable of maintaining controlled flight without activating the stall warning—5 to 10 knots ... appropriate to takeoffs, climbs, descents, approaches to landing, and go-arounds. Slow flight should be introduced with the target airspeed sufficiently above the stall to permit safe maneuvering, but close enough to the stall warning for the pilot to experience…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Slow Flight › Maneuvering in Slow Flight

  test. With an AOA just under the AOA which may cause an aerodynamic buffet or stall warning, the flight controls are less effective. [Figure 5-7] The elevator control is less responsive and larger control movements are necessary to retain ... control of the airplane. In propeller-driven airplanes, torque, slipstream effect, and P-factor may produce a strong left yaw, which requires right rudder input to maintain coordinated flight. The closer the airplane is to the 1G stall, the greater…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 3-10
  Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Trim Control

  then hold the wings level with aileron flight control pressure while rudder control pressure is trimmed out. Finally, aileron trim should be adjusted to relieve any aileron flight control pressure. A properly trimmed airplane is an indication of good piloting ... skills. Any control forces that the pilot feels should be a result of deliberate flight control pressure inputs during a planned change in airplane attitude, not a result of forces being applied by the airplane. A common trim control error…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 13-26
  Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Engine Inoperative Flight Principles › VMC Demo Stall Avoidance

  reducing the angle of attack as the throttle is retarded and return the airplane to the entry airspeed. Note that noise within the flight deck may mask the sound of the stall warning horn. While the VMC demonstration shows ... earliest onset of a loss of directional control when performed in accordance with the foregoing procedures, avoid a stalled condition. Avoid stalls with asymmetrical thrust, such that the VMC demonstration does not degrade into a single-engine stall…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 7-34
  Chapter 7, Section II: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight

  Straight-and-Level Flight The pitch attitude of an airplane is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the airplane and the actual horizon. In level flight, the pitch attitude varies with airspeed and load. For training purposes, the latter ... factor can normally be disregarded in small airplanes. At a constant airspeed, there is only one specific pitch attitude for level flight. At slow cruise speeds, the level flight attitude is nose-high with indications as in Figure…