Airline Transport Pilot and Type Rating for Powered-Lift Category › I. Preflight Preparation › Task B. Performance and Limitations

AP.I.B.K3e

Knowledge

Factors affecting performance, including:

Loading [e.g., center of gravity (CG)]

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Get a short, cited explanation of this element written from the FAA handbooks: the core idea, the numbers that matter, common test traps, and a quick self-check.

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Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook p. 3-2
Chapter 3: Weighing the Aircraft and Determining the Empty Weight Center of Gravity › Requirements
Overloading of the aircraft is not the only concern; the distribution of…
Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook p. 7-7
Chapter 7: Center of Gravity Change After a Repair or Alteration › Adverse-Load CG Checks › Aft Adverse-Load CG Check
Adverse-Load CG Check To conduct an aft or rearward CG check, make a chart that includes the empty weight and EWCG of the aircraft after the alteration and all occupants and items of the load behind ... well as the nominal weight (170 lb) for both rear seat passengers and the maximum allowable baggage. Under these loading conditions, the CG is located at +45.8, which is ahead of the aft limit of +46.0. [Figure 7-10] With…
Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook p. 7-7
Chapter 7: Center of Gravity Change After a Repair or Alteration › Adverse-Load CG Checks › Forward Adverse-Load CG Check
Forward Adverse-Load CG Check To conduct a forward CG check, make a chart that includes the airplane and any occupants and items of the load located in front of the forward CG limit. Include only those items behind ... considered. Make a chart like the one in Figure 7-9 to determine the CG with the aircraft loaded for its most forward CG. With the load consisting of only a pilot and the minimum fuel…
Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge p. 5-37
Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Rough Air
speed to the design maneuvering speed. Regardless of the speed held, there may be gusts that can produce loads that exceed the load limits. Each specific aircraft is designed with a specific G loading that can be imposed ... aircraft without causing structural damage. There are two types of load factors factored into aircraft design: limit load and ultimate load. The limit load is a force applied to an aircraft that causes a bending of the aircraft structure that…
Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook p. 3-8
Chapter 3: Weighing the Aircraft and Determining the Empty Weight Center of Gravity › Center of Gravity (CG) and Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) › Center of Gravity (CG)
Center of Gravity (CG) In addition to overloading or drastically reducing the aircraft’s weight, the distribution of weight is also a concern. When aircraft equipment is changed, the person making the equipment change must make an entry ... point, the aircraft would have no tendency to rotate nose up or nose down. The CG of the loaded aircraft can range fore and aft within certain limits that are determined during the fl ght test for type certific tion…
Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge p. 10-3
Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity › Stability
integrity of the aircraft and can adversely affect performance. Stability and control are also affected by improper balance. Stability Loading in a nose-heavy condition causes problems in controlling and raising the nose, especially during takeoff and landing. Loading ... serious effect upon longitudinal stability, and reduces the capability to recover from stalls and spins. Tail heavy loading also produces very light control forces, another undesirable characteristic. This makes it easy for the pilot to inadvertently overstress an aircraft. Stability…