AP.I.C.K3d
KnowledgeMeteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination for flights conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
Moisture/precipitation
From the FAA library
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.5 Products with Precipitation Information
freezing rain. Forecasts Included when conditions are expected and indicated by various descriptors based on the type of precipitation. Intensity is also coded with precipitation types. Aviation Surface Forecast G Derived from the GFA and includes forecasts of precipitation ... specified valid times includes weather phenomena. Alaska Area Forecast T A description of significant clouds and weather, including precipitation. Hawaii Area Forecast T A description of significant clouds and weather, including precipitation. T A description of significant clouds and weather…
- 27 Forecasts › 27.4.2.7 Significant Weather Group (w’w’ or NSW) › 27.4.2.7.1 Exception for Encoding Multiple Precipitation Types
Exception for Encoding Multiple Precipitation Types When more than one type of precipitation is forecast in a time period, any precipitation type associated with a descriptor (e.g., FZRA) is encoded first in the precipitation group, regardless of the predominance ... intensity of the other precipitation types. Descriptors are not encoded with the second or third precipitation type in the group. The intensity is associated with the first precipitation type of a multiple precipitation type group. For example, a forecast…
- 24 Observations › 24.4.3.8 Present Weather Group › 24.4.3.8.3 Descriptor Qualifier
also falling, then BLSN is reported. Spray (PY) is coded only with blowing (BL). The descriptor for showery-type precipitation (SH) is coded only with one or more of the precipitation qualifiers for rain (RA), snow (SN), ice pellets ... hail (GR). When any type of precipitation is coded with VC, the intensity and type of precipitation is not coded. The descriptor for thunderstorm (TS) may be coded by itself when the thunderstorm is without associated precipitation. A thunderstorm…
- 15 Weather Radar › 15.2.15.1 Intensity of Precipitation › 15.2.15.1.2 Convective Precipitation
Convective Precipitation Convective precipitation (see Figure 15-21) is distinguished by the following radar characteristics: • Echoes tend to form as lines or cells. • Reflectivity gradients are strong. • Precipitation intensities generally vary from moderate to extreme. • Occasionally, precipitation intensities ... light. • Echo patterns change rapidly when animating the image. Numerous hazards are associated with convective precipitation. These hazards include turbulence, Low-Level Wind Shear (LLWS), strong and gusty surface winds, icing above the freezing level, hail, lightning, tornadoes, and localized…
- 24 Observations › 24.6.1 Weather Surveillance Radar—1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Description › 24.6.1.4 Echo Intensities
Precipitation Mode Precipitation targets typically provide stronger return signals to the radar than non-precipitation targets. Therefore, the WSR-88D is operated in Precipitation Mode when precipitation is present, although some non-precipitation echoes can still be detected in this ... operating mode. The NWS uses Precipitation Mode to see higher into the atmosphere when precipitation is occurring to analyze the vertical structure of the storms. The faster rotation of the WSR-88D in Precipitation Mode allows images to update…