AP.IV.A.S3

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• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-17
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn Coordinator

  Turn Coordinator The gimbal in the turn coordinator is canted; therefore, its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn. Since turn coordinators are more prevalent in training aircraft, this discussion concentrates on that instrument. When rolling ... into or out of a turn, the miniature aircraft banks in the direction the aircraft is rolled. A rapid roll rate causes the miniature aircraft to bank more steeply than a slow roll rate. The turn coordinator can be used…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-16
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn-and-Slip Indicator

  Turn Indicators Aircraft use two types of turn indicators: turn-and-slip indicators and turn coordinators. Because of the way the gyro is mounted, the turn-and-slip indicator shows only the rate of turn in degrees per second ... turn coordinator is mounted at an angle, or canted, so it can initially show roll rate. When the roll stabilizes, it indicates rate of turn. Both instruments indicate turn direction and quality (coordination), and also serve as a backup source…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors in Steep Turns

  Load Factors in Steep Turns At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies ... centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same. Figure 5-52. Two forces cause load factor during turns. Figure 5-53 reveals an important fact about turns—the load factor increases at a terrific rate after a bank…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-39
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Radius of Turn

  Radius of Turn The radius of turn is directly linked to the ROT, which explained earlier is a function of both bank angle and airspeed. If the bank angle is held constant and the airspeed is increased, the radius ... turn changes (increases). A higher airspeed causes the aircraft to travel through a longer Figure 5-57. Rate of turn when increasing speed. Example Suppose we wanted to know what bank angle would give us a rate of turn…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-23
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Turns

  angle of bank is held constant and the AOA decreased, the ROT decreases. In order to maintain a constant ROT as the airspeed is increased, the AOA must remain constant and the angle of bank increased. An increase in airspeed ... results in an increase of the turn radius, and centrifugal force is directly proportional to the radius of the turn. In a correctly executed turn, the horizontal component of lift must be exactly equal and opposite to the centrifugal force…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-18
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Turn Coordinator › Inclinometer

  used to depict aircraft yaw, which is the side-to-side movement of the aircraft’s nose. During coordinated, straight-and-level flight, the force of gravity causes the ball to rest in the lowest part of the tube, centered ... between the reference lines. Coordinated flight is maintained by keeping the ball centered. If the ball is not centered, it can be centered by using the rudder. To center the ball, apply rudder pressure on the side to which…