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  • Appendix C: Accident Case Studies › Accident Profile 1 › Risk Identification, Assessment, and Mitigation

    runway and the wet-grass turf runway. These environmental factors, coupled with an aircraft hazard arising from takeoff and climb performance limitations, generated the risk that may explain the accident. An external pressure hazard associated with pleasing the passengers ... collision potential with the trees is “catastrophic” because it resulted in loss of life. Given the environment and aircraft performance limitations that the pilot could have reasonably anticipated, the likelihood of the risk was at least “occasional,” that…

  • Chapter 10: Weight and Balance

    understanding the operations, limitations, and performance characteristics of the aircraft, the pilot can make educated flight decisions. By learning what preventive maintenance is allowed on the aircraft, a pilot can maintain his or her aircraft in an airworthy condition ... aircraft is critical to flight safety. Operating above the maximum weight limitation compromises the structural integrity of an aircraft and adversely affects its performance. Operation with the center of gravity (CG) outside the approved limits results in control difficulty…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aircraft Design Characteristics

    structural strength. These limitations indicate the maximum performance and maneuverability of the aircraft. If the aircraft is to provide maximum utility, it must be safely controllable to the full extent of these limits without exceeding the pilot’s strength…

  • Chapter 1: Introduction To Flying › Pilot Certifications › Commercial Pilot

    accepting compensation for flying except in some very limited, specific circumstances. The Private Pilot Certificate is the certificate held by the majority of active pilots. It allows command of any aircraft (subject to appropriate ratings) for any noncommercial purpose ... specific number of hours of complex (or turbine-powered) aircraft time are among the prerequisites, and at least a portion of the practical examination is performed in a complex aircraft. A complex aircraft must have retractable landing gear, movable flaps…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Boundary Layer Separation › High Speed Flight Controls

    aircraft from the wings onto the wheels for better braking performance. [Figure 5-71] Jet transport aircraft have small ailerons. The space for ailerons is limited because as much of the wing trailing edge as possible is needed for flaps…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

    airspeeds, the controls usually feel soft and sluggish, and the aircraft responds slowly to control applications. At higher airspeeds, the controls become increasingly firm and aircraft response is more rapid. Figure 6-3. Helicopter flight control system. Movement ... drag produced by the airfoil/ control surface combination, and allow a pilot to control the aircraft about its three axes of rotation. Design features limit the amount of deflection of flight control surfaces. For example, control-stop mechanisms…