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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance

    Figure 11-19 illustrates the general effect of wind by the percent change in takeoff or landing distance as a function of the ratio of wind velocity to takeoff or landing speed. The effect of proper takeoff speed is especially ... important when runway lengths and takeoff distances are critical. The takeoff speeds specified in the AFM/POH are generally the minimum safe speeds at which the aircraft can become airborne. Any attempt to take off below the recommended speed means that…

  • 14 CFR § 91.109 Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests.

    Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests. (c) No person may operate a civil aircraft in simulated instrument flight unless— (1) The other control seat is occupied by a safety pilot who possesses at least: (i) A private ... purposes of providing training for a solo cross-country endorsement under § 61.93 of this chapter, a flight instructor certificate with an appropriate sport pilot rating and meets the requirements of § 61.412 of this chapter. (2) The safety pilot has adequate…

  • Chapter 7, Section II: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Instrument Takeoff › Common Errors in Instrument Takeoffs

    Common Errors in Instrument Takeoffs Common errors associated with the instrument takeoff include, but are not limited to, the following: 1. Failure to perform an adequate flight deck check before the takeoff. Pilots have attempted instrument takeoff with inoperative airspeed ... indicators (pitot tube obstructed), controls locked, and numerous other oversights due to haste or carelessness. It is imperative to cross-check the ASI as soon as possible. No airspeed is indicated until 20 knots of true airspeed is generated…

  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Crosswind Takeoff › Takeoff Roll

    Crosswind Takeoff While it is usually preferable to take off directly into the wind whenever possible or practical, there are many instances when circumstances or judgment indicate otherwise. Therefore, the pilot must be familiar with the principles and techniques involved ... crosswind takeoffs, as well as those for normal takeoffs. A crosswind affects the airplane during takeoff much as it does during taxiing. With this in mind, the pilot should be aware that the technique used for crosswind correction during takeoffs…

  • Chapter 16: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes › Jet Airplane Takeoff and Climb › Takeoff Roll

    Rolling takeoffs can also be made from the end of the runway by advancing the thrust levers from idle as the brakes are released. During the takeoff roll, the pilot flying should concentrate on directional control of the airplane. This ... torque-produced yawing in a jet as there is in a propeller-driven airplane. The airplane should be maintained exactly on centerline with the wings level. This automatically aids the pilot when contending with an engine failure. If a crosswind…

  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb › Takeoff Roll

    Takeoff Roll Taking off from a short field requires the takeoff to be started from the very beginning of the takeoff area. At this point, the airplane is aligned with the intended takeoff path. If the airplane manufacturer recommends ... flaps, they are extended the proper amount before beginning the takeoff roll. This allows the pilot to devote full attention to the proper technique and the airplane’s performance throughout the takeoff. The pilot should apply takeoff power smoothly…