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  • Glossary

    stabilator that moves in the same direction as the primary control. It is used to make the stabilator less sensitive. Approach lighting system (ALS). Provides lights that will penetrate the atmosphere far enough from touchdown to give directional, distance ... visual meteorological conditions (VMC) expected over a large area encompassing several states. Area navigation (RNAV). Allows a pilot to fly a selected course to a predetermined point without the need to overfly ground-based navigation facilities, by using waypoints…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Subsonic Versus Supersonic Flow

    Compressibility (and to a lesser extent viscosity) is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an aircraft. During flight, a wing produces ... upper surface. This accelerated air can, and does, reach sonic speeds even though the aircraft itself may be flying subsonic. At some extreme AOAs, in some aircraft, the speed of the air over the top surface of the wing…

  • 14 CFR § 91.175 Takeoff and landing under IFR.

    Operations on unpublished routes and use of radar in instrument approach procedures. When radar is approved at certain locations for ATC purposes, it may be used not only for surveillance and precision radar approaches, as applicable, but also ... used in conjunction with instrument approach procedures predicated on other types of radio navigational aids. Radar vectors may be authorized to provide course guidance through the segments of an approach to the final course or fix. When operating…

  • 14 CFR § 91.1705 Required pilot training.

    engine inoperative landing with 5- and 20- degrees flaps; (xx) Crosswind landing; (xxi) Instrument landing system (ILS) and missed approach ; (xxii) Two engine missed approach; (xxiii) One engine inoperative ILS and missed approach; (xxiv) One engine inoperative missed approach ... precision and missed approach; (xxvi) Non-precision continuous descent final approach and missed approach; (xxvii) One engine inoperative non-precision and missed approach; (xxviii) One engine inoperative non-precision CDFA and missed approach; (xxix) Circling approach at weather minimums…

  • 14 CFR § 91.1069 Flight crew: Instrument proficiency check requirements.

    administered by the Administrator or an authorized check pilot. (c) No pilot may use any type of precision instrument approach procedure under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that use, the pilot satisfactorily demonstrated that type ... approach procedure. No pilot may use any type of nonprecision approach procedure under IFR unless, since the beginning of the 6th month before that use, the pilot has satisfactorily demonstrated either that type of approach procedure or any other…

  • Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Flicker Vertigo › Night Landing Illusions

    Landing Illusions Landing illusions occur in many forms. Above featureless terrain at night, there is a natural tendency to fly a lowerthan-normal approach. Elements that cause any type of visual obscurities, such as rain, haze, or a dark runway ... environment, can also cause low approaches. Bright lights, steep surrounding terrain, and a wide runway can produce the illusion of being too low with a tendency to fly a higher-than-normal approach. A set of regularly spaced lights along…