AP.VI.D.R2e

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-12
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

  Runway Surface and Gradient Runway conditions affect takeoff and landing performance. Typically, performance chart information assumes paved, level, smooth, and dry runway surfaces. Since no two runways are alike, the runway surface differs from one runway to another, as does ... runway gradient or slope. [Figure 11-15] Runway surfaces vary widely from one airport to another. The runway surface encountered may be concrete, asphalt, gravel, dirt, or grass. The runway surface for a specific airport is noted in the Chart…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-31
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Runway Incursion Avoidance

  preflight planning, before descending to land and while taxiing, as needed. • Know airport signage. • Review NOTAM for information on runway/ taxiway closures and construction areas. • Request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route. • Check for traffic ... before crossing any runway hold line and before entering a taxiway. • Turn on aircraft lights and the rotating beacon or strobe lights while taxing. • When landing, clear the active runway as soon as possible, then wait for taxi instructions before…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. G-26
  Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

  component of the runway lighting system that is used to outline the edges of runways at night or during low visibility conditions. These lights are classified according to the intensity they are capable of producing. Runway end identifier lights (REIL ... pair of synchronized flashing lights, located laterally on each side of the runway threshold, providing rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a runway. Runway visibility value (RVV). The visibility determined for a particular runway by a transmissometer…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-18
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Airport Lighting › In-Runway Lighting

  Runway Lighting Runway centerline lighting system (RCLS)—installed on some precision approach runways to facilitate landing under adverse visibility conditions. They are located along the runway centerline and are spaced at 50-foot intervals. When viewed from the landing threshold ... runway centerline lights are white until the last 3,000 feet of the runway. The white lights begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000 feet. For the remaining 1,000 feet of the runway, all centerline lights…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-13
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning

  Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning Water on the runways reduces the friction between the tires and the ground and can reduce braking effectiveness. The ability to brake can be completely lost when the tires are hydroplaning because ... layer of water separates the tires from the runway surface. This is also true of braking effectiveness when runways are covered in ice. When the runway is wet, the pilot may be confronted with dynamic hydroplaning. Dynamic hydroplaning…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 4-3-15
  Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 3. Airport Operations › 4-3-9. Runway Condition Reports

  Runway condition codes for each zone (touchdown, mid-point, roll-out) (d) Pilot-reported braking action report (if available) (e) The contaminant (for example, wet snow, dry snow, slush, ice, etc.) 2. Assessments for each zone ... will be issued in the direction of takeoff and landing on the runway, ranging from “1” to “6” to describe contaminated surfaces. NOTEA RwyCC of “0” is used to delineate a braking action report of NIL and is prohibited from…