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  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Insufficient Training & Experience

    within acceptable levels. Some common threats include: • Malfunction of aircraft systems, engines, flight controls, or automation. • Various unforecast weather hazards. • Collision hazards, including wildlife on airports and birds in the air. • Unexpected sudden reductions in visibility. • Closures of facilities, runways…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Runway Incursion Avoidance

    occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing ... surface as in other phases of flights. Proper planning can prevent runway incursions and the possibility of a ground collision. A pilot should always be aware of the aircraft’s position on the surface at all times and be aware…

  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Hazard Combinations › Airspace, Air Traffic Control, and Other Aircraft

    hazard. • Prohibited and Restricted Airspace–Different airspace designations and restrictions are meant to protect pilots and aircraft from hazards. For example, entering a prohibited or restricted area without permission can result in conflicts with military aircraft. • ATC Delays and Service ... system may require route changes or holding, which may require more fuel than expected. • Air Traffic Density and Collision Hazards–Pilots are responsible for seeing and avoiding other aircraft when flying under VFR or in VMC while flying under…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance

    approach, missed approach, or touch-and-go landing (since vortices settle and move laterally near the ground, the vortex hazard may exist along the runway and in the flight path, particularly in a quartering tailwind), it is prudent to wait ... large aircraft is observed above on the same track, change the aircraft position laterally and preferably upwind. Collision Avoidance Title 14 of the CFR part 91 has established right-of-way rules, minimum safe altitudes, and VFR cruising altitudes…

  • Appendix C: Accident Case Studies › Accident Profile 1 › Risk Identification, Assessment, and Mitigation

    cell phone video taken from inside the aircraft recorded the sound of the stall warning just before the collision. Witnesses reported seeing the aircraft descend into the trees. All four occupants died during the crash. An autopsy toxicology report indicated ... aircraft defects that would have prevented it from achieving full power on takeoff. Risk Identification, Assessment, and Mitigation The hazards associated with this accident may involve all four categories of the PAVE checklist. However, environmental and aircraft performance hazards…

  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    turnoff lights. Lights that are flush with the runway which emit a steady green color. TCAS. See traffic alert collision avoidance system. TCH. See threshold crossing height. TDZE. See touchdown zone elevation. TEC. See Tower En Route Control. Technique ... Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface from an existing or imminent flight associated hazard; 2. Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft; 3. Prevent an unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above…