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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance

    Takeoff and Landing Performance The majority of pilot-caused aircraft accidents occur during the takeoff and landing phase of flight. Because of this fact, the pilot must be familiar with all the variables that influence the takeoff and landing performance ... aircraft and must strive for exacting, professional procedures of operation during these phases of flight. Takeoff and landing performance is a condition of accelerated and decelerated motion. For instance, during takeoff an aircraft starts at zero speed and accelerates…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    altitude. Proper accounting of density altitude is necessary to accurately predict landing distance. The effect of proper landing speed is important when runway lengths and landing distances are critical. The landing speeds specified in the AFM/POH are generally the minimum ... safe speeds at which the aircraft can be landed. Any attempt to land at below the specified speed may mean that the aircraft may stall, be difficult to control, or develop high rates of descent. On the other hand…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Axes of an Aircraft

    Whenever an aircraft changes its flight attitude or position in flight, it rotates about one or more of the three axes. [Figure 5-18] The aircraft’s motion about its longitudinal axis resembles the roll of a ship from side ... side. In fact, the names used to describe the motion about an aircraft’s three axes were originally nautical terms. They have been adapted to aeronautical terminology due to the similarity of motion of aircraft and seagoing ships. The motion…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

    following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path and land beyond its touchdown ... point. [Figure 14-47A] • Landing behind a larger aircraft on a parallel runway closer than 2,500 feet—consider the possibility of drift and stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path and note…

  • Glossary › Numbers and Symbols

    range between that appropriate for ground and flight operations. Configuration. This is a general term, which normally refers to the position of the landing gear and flaps. Constant speed propeller. A controllable-pitch propeller whose pitch is automatically varied ... spite of varying air loads. Control touch. The ability to sense the action of the airplane and its probable actions in the immediate future, with regard to attitude and speed variations, by sensing and evaluation of varying pressures and resistance…

  • 14 CFR Part 141, Appendix J to Part 141—Aircraft Type Rating Course, For Other Than an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate

    Part 141, Appendix J to Part 141—Aircraft Type Rating Course, For Other Than an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate 1. Applicability. This appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum for an aircraft type rating course other than an airline transport pilot certificate ... type rating in a rotorcraft category—helicopter class. (d) A type rating in a powered-lift category. (e) Other aircraft type ratings specified by the Administrator through the aircraft type certificate procedures. 2. Eligibility for enrollment. Prior to enrolling…