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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

    Straight-and-Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal ... aircraft weight and a powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Flameout › Performance Comparison

    flameout normally are the same as those following an engine failure. If the flameout is due to a transitory condition, such as an imbalance between fuel flow and engine speed, an airstart may be attempted once the condition is corrected ... compare the performance of a reciprocating powerplant and different types of turbine engines. For the comparison to be accurate, thrust horsepower (usable horsepower) for the reciprocating powerplant must be used rather than brake horsepower, and net thrust must be used…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Thrust

    Figure 5-2. Force vectors during a stabilized climb. Likewise, if the engine power is increased, thrust becomes greater than drag and the airspeed increases. As long as the thrust continues to be greater than the drag, the aircraft continues ... accelerate. When drag equals thrust, the aircraft flies at a constant airspeed. Straight-and-level flight may be sustained at a wide range of speeds. The pilot coordinates AOA and thrust in all speed regimes if the aircraft…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Descents

    Figure 5-36. Changes in lift during climb entry. The thrust required for a stabilized climb equals drag plus a percentage of weight dependent on the angle of climb. For example, a 10° climb would require thrust to equal drag ... plus 17 percent of weight. To climb straight up would require thrust to equal all of weight and drag. Therefore, the angle of climb for climb performance is dependent on the amount of excess thrust available to overcome a portion…

  • Chapter 2: Personal Minimums › Personal Minimums › Step 3—Consider Other Conditions

    this example, the pilot did not fill in the LIFR boxes for known “comfort level” in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) after deciding to avoid flight in those conditions. 12402 Experience and “Comfort Level” Assessment Figure 2-4. A sample pilot ... single table, the summary of a pilot’s known “comfort level” for VFR, MVFR, IFR, and LIFR weather conditions might appear as shown in Figure 2-5. Figure 2-5. Experience and comfort level assessment for combined…

  • 14 CFR § 135.227 Icing conditions: Operating limitations.

    Icing conditions: Operating limitations. (c) No pilot may fly under IFR into known or forecast light or moderate icing conditions or under VFR into known light or moderate icing conditions, unless— (1) The aircraft has functioning deicing or anti-icing ... airplane meets transport category airplane type certification provisions, including the requirements for certification for flight in icing conditions. (d) No pilot may fly a helicopter under IFR into known or forecast icing conditions or under VFR into known icing conditions…