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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Climb Performance Factors › Range Performance

    condition is obtained at maximum lift/ drag ratio (L/DMAX), and it is important to note that for a given aircraft configuration, the L/DMAX occurs at a particular AOA and lift coefficient and is unaffected by weight or altitude. A variation ... cases, it is not always true as there are different variables to every situation. Each aircraft configuration is different, and there is not a rule of thumb that encompasses all of them as to how to achieve the max range…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wake Turbulence › Terminal Area

    resistance to wake, just to name a few. The vortex characteristics of any aircraft will be changed with the extension of flaps or other wing configuration devices, as well as changing speed. However, as the basic factors are weight ... greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is heavy, slow, and clean, since the turbulence from a “dirty” aircraft configuration hastens wake decay. En Route En route wake turbulence events have been influenced by changes to the aircraft fleet…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    When minimum landing distances are considered, braking friction forces predominate during the landing roll and, for the majority of aircraft configurations, braking friction is the main source of deceleration. The minimum landing distance varies in direct proportion to the gross ... effect of wind on landing distance is large and deserves proper consideration when predicting landing distance. Since the aircraft lands at a particular airspeed independent of the wind, the principal effect of wind on landing distance is the change…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Airspeed Indicator Markings

    Lower limit of white arc (VS0)—the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. In small aircraft, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum landing weight in the landing configuration (gear ... limit of green arc (VS1)—the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specified configuration. For most aircraft, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum takeoff weight in the clean configuration (gear…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Defenses Provided by the Pilot or Crew › Time Management

    approach can request a delay or a vector that gives more time for completing checklists or configuring the aircraft…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Stabilized Approach Concept

    pilot applies a gust factor, indicated airspeed should not decay below the recommended landing speed. 4. Configuration. The aircraft is in the correct landing configuration with flaps as required; landing gear extended, and is in trim. 5. Descent rate ... rate prior to 300 ft AGL. 6. Power setting. The pilot should use a power setting appropriate for the aircraft configuration and not below the minimum power for approach as defined by the AFM. 7. Briefings and checklists. Completing…