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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... gross weight is that a greater speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires…

  • Glossary › Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum

    delay that occurs before an instrument needle attains a stable indication. Land breeze. A coastal breeze flowing from land to sea caused by temperature differences when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land. The land breeze usually occurs ... night and alternates with the sea breeze that blows in the opposite direction by day. Land as soon as possible. Land without delay at the nearest suitable area, such as an open field, at which a safe approach and landing…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing

    Common Errors Common errors with forward slips to a landing: 1. Incorrect pitch adjustments that result in poor airspeed control. 2. Reacting to erroneous airspeed indications. 3. Using excess power while trying to lose altitude. 4. A slip ... same direction as any crosswind. 5. Poor glidepath control. 6. Late transition to a sideslip during landing with crosswinds. 7. Landing without the longitudinal axis parallel to runway. 8. Landing off the centerline. Crosswind Approach and Landing Most runways…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Turbulent Air Approach and Landing

    Attempted landing in crosswinds that exceed the airplane’s maximum demonstrated crosswind component. 2. Undershooting or overshooting the turn from base leg to final approach. 3. Inadequate compensation for wind drift on final approach. 4. Unstable approach. 5. Excessive sink ... axis aligned with the runway. 7. Touching down while drifting. 8. Excessive airspeed on touchdown. 9. Failure to apply appropriate flight control inputs during rollout. 10. Failure to maintain direction control on rollout. 11. Excessive braking. 12. Loss of aircraft…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Approach Control

    Approach Control Approach control is responsible for controlling all instrument flights operating within its area of responsibility. Approach control may serve one or more airports. Control is exercised primarily through direct pilot and controller communication and airport surveillance radar ... Prior to arriving at the initial approach fix (IAF), instructions will be received from the air route traffic control center (ARTCC) to contact approach control on a specified frequency. Where radar is approved for approach control service, it is used…