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  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Lost Procedures

    installed, or a pilot has a portable aviation GPS on board, it can be used to determine the position and the location of the nearest airport. Communicate with any available facility using frequencies shown on the sectional chart. If contact ... transmit procedure. This gives the controller enough information to plot the aircraft position and then give vectors to a suitable landing site. If the situation becomes threatening, transmit the situation on the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz and set the transponder…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Landing

    above the MDA or DA/DH before beginning a turn. If visual reference is lost while circling-to-land from an instrument approach, execute the appropriate MAP. Make the initial climbing turn toward the landing runway and then maneuver to intercept ... visible to the pilot during a circling maneuver at or above MDA; or 3. When so directed by ATC. Landing According to 14 CFR part 91, no pilot may land when the flight visibility is less than the visibility prescribed…

  • Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Approach to an Airport With an Operating Tower, With an Approach Control › Circling Approaches

    parallel runways that are separated by 1,200 feet or less, followed by a straight-in landing on the adjacent runway. Aircraft executing a side-step maneuver are cleared for a specified nonprecision approach and landing on the adjacent parallel ... commence the side-step maneuver as soon as possible after the runway or runway environment is in sight. Landing minimums to the adjacent runway are based on nonprecision criteria and therefore higher than the precision minimums to the primary runway…

  • Appendix B: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and NOTAM Contractions

    LABSW—LABS switch system LAHSO—land and hold short operation LAN—local area network LAT—latitude LATA—local access and transport area LAWRS—limited aviation weather reporting station LB—pound/pounds LC—local control LCF—local control facility LCN—local communications ... network LCTD—located LDA—localizer-type directional aid; landing directional aid LDG—landing LDIN—lead-in lights LEC—local exchange carrier LF—low frequency LGT—light or lighting LGTD—lighted LINCS—leased interfacility NAS C LIRL—low intensity runway lights…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    increase of landing speed by ten percent increases the landing distance by 20 percent. Hydroplaning makes braking ineffective until a decrease of speed that can be determined by using Figure 11-18. For instance, a pilot is downwind for runway ... knots versus 70 knots), as presented in the performance chapter, results in a 20 percent increase in the landing distance. In performance planning, the pilot determined that at 70 knots the distance would be 1,600 feet. However…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Hydraulic Systems

    aircraft must be serviced with the type specified by the manufacturer. Refer to the AFM/POH or the Maintenance Manual. Landing Gear The landing gear forms the principal support of an aircraft on the surface. The most common type of landing ... gear consists of wheels, but aircraft can also be equipped with floats for water operations or skis for landing on snow. [Figure 7-37] The landing gear on small aircraft consists of three wheels: two main wheels (one located…