AP.VII.H.K1
KnowledgeElements of vortex ring state.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Behavior
Vortex Behavior Trailing vortices have certain behavioral characteristics that can help a pilot visualize the wake location and take avoidance precautions. Vortices are generated from the moment an aircraft leaves the ground (until it touches down), since trailing vortices ... byproduct of wing lift. [Figure 14-46] The vortex circulation is outward, upward, and around the wingtips when viewed from either ahead or behind the aircraft. Tests with large aircraft have shown that vortices remain spaced a bit less than…
- Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Defenses Provided by the Pilot or Crew › Flying Skills (The Last Resort)
Flying Skills (The Last Resort) Employing this defense becomes necessary after experiencing an undesired aircraft state that cannot be remedied with other defenses alone. Ability to take full control of the aircraft and return to safe flying parameters ... situation that could occur. Effective risk management and threat and error management usually prevent occurrences of an undesired aircraft state that may require a pilot to rely solely on flying skills as a defense. Proficiency A pilot who remains proficient…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures
Vortex Avoidance Procedures The following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Avoiding Wake Turbulence
speed of 2 or 3 knots (top). A crosswind will decrease the lateral movement of the upwind vortex and increase the movement of the downwind vortex. Thus a light wind with a cross runway component of 1 to 5 knots ... could result in the upwind vortex remaining in the touchdown zone for a period of time and hasten the drift of the downwind vortex toward another runway (bottom). safety that allows wake turbulence dissipation. [Figure 5-15] For more information…
- Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wake Turbulence › Terminal Area
Vortex Strength Terminal Area Wake turbulence has historically been thought of as only a function of aircraft weight, but recent research considers additional parameters, such as speed, aspects of the wing, wake decay rates, and aircraft resistance to wake, just ... name a few. The vortex characteristics of any aircraft will be changed with the extension of flaps or other wing configuration devices, as well as changing speed. However, as the basic factors are weight and speed, the vortex strength increases…
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › Electronic Flight Displays (EFD) /Multi-Function Display (MFD) Weather › Weather Products Age and Expiration
comprised of a series of 159 Weather Surveillance Radar–1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) sites situated throughout the United States, as well as selected overseas sites. The NEXRAD system is a joint venture between the United States Department of Commerce ... United States DOD, as well as the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). The individual agencies that have control over the system are the NWS, Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and the FAA. [Figure…