HI.II.D.K10

From the FAA library

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-21
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Effective Translational Lift (ETL)

  Translational Lift Improved rotor efficiency resulting from directional flight is called translational lift. The efficiency of the hovering rotor disk is greatly improved with each knot of incoming wind gained by horizontal movement of the aircraft or surface wind ... efficiency of the tail rotor. Figure 2-38. To compensate for blowback, you must move the cyclic forward. Effective Translational Lift (ETL) While transitioning to forward flight at about 16 to 24 knots, the helicopter goes through effective translational lift…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-24
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Turning Flight

  Turning Flight In forward flight, the rotor disk is tilted forward, which also tilts the total lift-thrust force of the rotor disk forward. When resulting in lift being separated into two components. Lift acting upward and opposing weight ... called the vertical component of lift. Lift acting horizontally and opposing inertia (centrifugal force) is the horizontal component of lift (centripetal force). [Figure 2-45] Figure 2-44. Forces acting on the helicopter during rearward flight. As the angle…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-22
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Translational Thrust

  additional lift available at this speed is referred to as the ETL, which makes the rotor disk operate more efficiently. This increased efficiency continues with increased airspeed until the best climb airspeed is reached, and total drag ... lowest point. As speed increases, translational lift becomes more effective, nose rises or pitches up, and aircraft rolls to the right. The combined effects of dissymmetry of lift, gyroscopic precession, and transverse flow effect cause this tendency. It is important…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 4-5
  Chapter 4: Principles of Flight › Theories in the Production of Lift › Newton’s Basic Laws of Motion

  Theories in the Production of Lift In order to achieve flight in a machine that is heavier than air, there are several obstacles we must overcome. One of those obstacles, discussed previously, is the resistance to movement called drag ... overcome in aviation, however, is the force of gravity. A wing moving through air generates the force called lift, also previously discussed. Lift from the wing that is greater than the force of gravity, directed opposite to the direction…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-23
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Climbs

  execute a standard-rate turn (3° per second). At this angle of bank, only about 79 percent of the lift of the aircraft comprises the vertical component of the lift. This causes a loss of altitude unless ... increased sufficiently to compensate for the loss of vertical lift. Forces in Climbs For all practical purposes, the wing’s lift in a steady state normal climb is the same as it is in a steady level flight…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-17
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight

  addition to lift and thrust, there is weight (the downward acting force) and drag (the force opposing the motion of an airfoil through the air). [Figure 2-33] In straight-and-level, unaccelerated forward flight (straightand-level flight is flight ... with a constant heading and at a constant altitude), lift equals weight and thrust equals drag. If lift exceeds weight, the helicopter accelerates vertically until the forces are in balance; if thrust is less than drag, the helicopter slows down…