HI.II.D.K3

From the FAA library

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. G-5
  Glossary

  rotation. Torque. In helicopters with a single, main rotor system, the tendency of the helicopter to turn in the opposite direction of the main rotor rotation. Trailing edge. The rearmost edge of an airfoil. Translating tendency. The tendency ... laterally during hovering flight. Also called tail rotor drift. Translational lift. The additional lift obtained when entering forward flight, due to the increased efficiency of the rotor system. Transverse-flow effect. The condition of increased drag and decreased lift…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-15
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Hovering Flight › Translating Tendency (Drift)

  Translating Tendency (Drift) During hovering flight, a single main rotor helicopter tends to move in the direction of tail rotor thrust. This lateral (or sideward) movement is called translating tendency. [Figure 2-27] To counteract this tendency, one or more ... rotating main rotor disk. Figure 2-27. A tail rotor is designed to produce thrust in a direction opposite torque. The thrust produced by the tail rotor is sufficient to move the helicopter laterally. The main transmission is mounted…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-21
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Effective Translational Lift (ETL)

  Translational Lift Improved rotor efficiency resulting from directional flight is called translational lift. The efficiency of the hovering rotor disk is greatly improved with each knot of incoming wind gained by horizontal movement of the aircraft or surface wind ... efficiency of the tail rotor. Figure 2-38. To compensate for blowback, you must move the cyclic forward. Effective Translational Lift (ETL) While transitioning to forward flight at about 16 to 24 knots, the helicopter goes through effective translational lift…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 4-1
  Chapter 4: Effective Communication › Introduction

  Chapter 4: Effective Communication Introduction Carol, a flight instructor, has planned the first tailwheel flight with Jacob, her learner pilot. She begins the preflight briefing with an explanation of the tendency of tailwheel aircraft to yaw in normal takeoff. This ... yawing tendency gives the illusion that the tailwheel aircraft is unstable during the takeoff. Since this yawing tendency occurs on every takeoff, it is predictable and the pilot is able to compensate for it. Carol then discusses the precession, which…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-22
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Translational Thrust

  airspeed until the best climb airspeed is reached, and total drag is at its lowest point. As speed increases, translational lift becomes more effective, nose rises or pitches up, and aircraft rolls to the right. The combined effects of dissymmetry ... lift, gyroscopic precession, and transverse flow effect cause this tendency. It is important to understand these effects and anticipate correcting for them. Once the helicopter is transitioning through ETL, the pilot needs to apply forward and left lateral cyclic input…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 7-8
  Chapter 7: Helicopter Performance › Performance Charts › Sample Cruise or Level Flight Problem

  climb and not the rate of climb. When planning for climb performance, it is first important to plan for torque settings at level flight. Climb performance charts show the change in torque, above or below torque, required for level flight ... atmospheric conditions to obtain a given rate of climb or descent. Sample Cruise or Level Flight Problem Determine torque setting for cruise or level flight using Figure 7-7. Use the following conditions: Figure 7-7. Maximum rate-of-climb…