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  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Antitorque System Failure

    following the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding operating limits and procedures and periodic maintenance and inspections, many system and equipment failures can be eliminated. Certain malfunctions or failures can be traced to some error on the part of the pilot; therefore ... appropriate flying techniques and use of threat and error management may help to prevent an emergency Antitorque System Failure Antitorque failure usually falls into one of two categories. One is failure of the power drive portion of the tail rotor…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations › Common Errors

    accelerate to the normal climb speed. Then, reduce power to the normal climb power setting. Common Errors 1. Failure to perform, or improper performance of, a high or low reconnaissance. 2. Approach angle that is too steep or too shallow ... existing conditions. Failing to maintain proper rpm. Failure to consider emergency landing areas. Failure to select a specific landing spot. 6. Failure to consider how wind and turbulence could affect the approach. 7. Improper takeoff and climb technique for existing…

  • Chapter 7: Automation & Flight Path Management › Failure to Anticipate, Act, & Verify

    Failure to Anticipate, Act, & Verify Automation offers increased safety with enhanced situational awareness. However, these systems make it possible for a pilot to become complacent, unprepared, or lose situational awareness. If this occurs and an unexpected change in flight plan ... crew was unexpectedly cleared for an approach, lost situational awareness, and crashed into mountainous terrain. The accident summary cites failure of the flight crew to revert to basic radio navigation at the time when the FMS-assisted navigation became confusing…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Hovering—Sideward Flight › Technique

    straight ground track, use two reference points in line and at some distance in front of the helicopter. Failure to use proper antitorque pedal control, resulting in excessive heading change. 3. Failure to maintain desired hovering height. 4. Failure ... maintain proper rpm. 5. Failure to maintain alignment with direction of travel. Hovering—Sideward Flight Sideward hovering flight may be necessary to move the helicopter to a specific area when conditions make it impossible to use forward flight. During…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Hovering—Rearward Flight › Technique

    Common Errors 1. Exaggerated movement of the cyclic, resulting in overcontrolling and erratic movement over the surface. 2. Failure to use proper antitorque pedal control, resulting in excessive heading change. 3. Failure to maintain desired hovering height. 4. Failure ... maintain proper rpm. 5. Failure to make sure the area is clear prior to starting the maneuver. Hovering—Rearward Flight Rearward hovering flight may be necessary to move the helicopter to a specific area when the situation is such that…

  • Chapter 3: Induction & Exhaust Systems › Reciprocating Engine Exhaust Systems › Muffler & Heat Exchanger Failures

    Muffler & Heat Exchanger Failures Approximately half of all muffler and heat exchanger failures can be traced to cracks or ruptures in the heat exchanger surfaces used for cabin and carburetor heat sources. Failures in the heat exchanger surface (usually ... outer wall) allow exhaust gases to escape directly into the cabin heat system. These failures, in most cases, are caused by thermal and vibration fatigue cracking in areas of stress concentration. Failure of the spot-welds, which attach the heat…