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  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance

    range in these types of aircraft is such that it is difficult to exceed loading limits. For example, the rear seat position and fuel of a weight-shift control aircraft are as close as possible to the hang point with ... balloon basket or gondola. While it is difficult to exceed CG limits in these aircraft, pilots should never overload an aircraft because overloading causes structural damage and failures. Weight and balance computations are not required, but pilots should calculate weight…

  • Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity › Stability

    condition. It is vital to comply with weight and balance limits established for all aircraft. Operating above the maximum weight limitation compromises the structural integrity of the aircraft and can adversely affect performance. Stability and control are also affected ... Center of Gravity Limits for the location of the CG are established by the manufacturer. These are the fore and aft limits beyond which the CG should not be located for flight. These limits are published for each aircraft…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight

    flight with a constant heading and at a constant altitude), lift equals weight and thrust equals drag. If lift exceeds weight, the helicopter accelerates vertically until the forces are in balance; if thrust is less than drag, the helicopter slows ... larger increase in airflow through the rotor disk (up to a maximum determined by drag and the engine’s limit of power), and more efficient flight. In order to maintain unaccelerated flight, the pilot must understand that with Figure…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Flight Planning › Airplane Flight Manual or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (AFM/POH)

    sure that the total weight does not exceed the maximum allowable weight. The distribution of the load must be known to tell if the resulting center of gravity (CG) is within limits. Be sure to use the latest weight…

  • Chapter 6: Weight and Balance › Weight › Weight Limitations

    Although aircraft manufacturers build in safety factors, a pilot should never intentionally exceed the load limits for which a helicopter is certificated. Operating below a minimum weight could adversely affect the handling characteristics of the helicopter. During single-pilot operations…

  • Chapter 9: Weight and Balance Control— Commuter Category and Large Aircraft › Determining CG Changes Caused by Modifying the Cargo › Determining Which Limits Are Exceeded

    dividing the new moment index by the new total weight, and multiply this by the reduction factor. [Figure 9-54] Determining Which Limits Are Exceeded When preparing an aircraft for flight,consider all parameters and check to determine that ... limits have been exceeded. Consider the parameters below, and determine which limit, if any, has been exceeded. • The aircraft in this example has a basic empty weight of 9,005 pounds and a moment index of 25,934 pound inches/100…