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HI.IX.A.K1

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Basic elements of the aircraft and aerodynamics that affect the ability to maintain straight-and-level flight.

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Get a short, cited explanation of this element written from the FAA handbooks: the core idea, the numbers that matter, common test traps, and a quick self-check.

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From the FAA library

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

    Straight-and-Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal ... aircraft weight and a powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Descents

    climb. For example, a 10° climb would require thrust to equal drag plus 17 percent of weight. To climb straight up would require thrust to equal all of weight and drag. Therefore, the angle of climb for climb performance ... dependent on the amount of excess thrust available to overcome a portion of weight. Note that aircraft are able to sustain a climb due to excess thrust. When the excess thrust is gone, the aircraft is no longer able…

  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Postflight Evaluation › First Solo Flight

    First Solo Flight During the learner’s first solo flight, the instructor needs to be present to assist in answering questions or resolving any issues that arise during the flight. To ensure the solo flight is a positive, confidence-building ... experience for the learner, the flight instructor needs to consider time of day when scheduling the flight. Time of day is a factor in traffic congestion, possible winds, sun angles, and reflection. If possible, the flight instructor needs access…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Technique

    decrease airspeed, apply rearward pressure on the cyclic and lower the collective, as necessary, to maintain altitude. Figure 9-1. Maintain straight-and-level flight by adjusting the rotor tip-path plane forward but adjusting the collective as necessary ... maintain a constant airspeed and altitude. The natural horizon line can be used as an aid in maintaining straight-and-level flight. If the horizon line begins to rise, slight power may be required or the nose of the helicopter…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Thrust

    than drag and the airspeed increases. As long as the thrust continues to be greater than the drag, the aircraft continues to accelerate. When drag equals thrust, the aircraft flies at a constant airspeed. Straight-and-level flight ... sustained at a wide range of speeds. The pilot coordinates AOA and thrust in all speed regimes if the aircraft is to be held in level flight. An important fact related to the principal of lift (for a given airfoil…

  • Chapter 7, Section II: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Airspeed Changes in Straight-and-Level Flight

    Airspeed Changes in Straight-and-Level Flight Practice of airspeed changes in straight-and-level flight provides an excellent means of developing increased proficiency in all three basic instrument skills and brings out some common errors to be expected during ... training in straight-and-level flight. Having learned to control the airplane in a clean configuration (minimum drag conditions), increase proficiency in cross-check and control by practicing speed changes while extending or retracting the flaps and landing gear. While…