HI.V.A.K4
KnowledgeEnvironmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › Weather Briefings
Weather Briefings Prior to every flight, pilots should gather all information vital to the nature of the flight. This includes an appropriate weather briefing obtained from a specialist at a FSS. For weather specialists to provide an appropriate weather briefing ... visual flight rules (VFR) or IFR, aircraft identification and type, departure point, estimated time of departure (ETD), flight altitude, route of flight, destination, and estimated time en route (ETE). This information is recorded in the flight plan system…
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › Weather Briefings › Standard Briefing
Adverse conditions include significant weather, such as thunderstorms or aircraft icing, or other important items such as airport closings. 2. VFR flight not recommended—if the weather for the route of flight is below VFR minimums ... doubtful the flight could be made under VFR conditions due to the forecast weather, the briefer may state “VFR flight not recommended.” It is the pilot’s decision whether or not to continue the flight under VFR, but this advisory…
- Chapter 10: Teaching Practical Risk Management during Flight Instruction › Best Practices for Managing Risk during Flight Instruction › Environmental Risks
Environmental Risks Environmental risks are one of the most frequent causes of accidents. These notably include risks generated by weather, terrain, and night operation hazards and additionally include airports, airspace, and other environmental factors. All these hazards and risks will ... instruction. The instructor should involve the learner in every step of the assessment and mitigation process. For example, the weather may be marginal VFR. If the scheduled dual instruction called for practicing stalls and slow flight, the instructor should coach…
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › Electronic Flight Displays (EFD) /Multi-Function Display (MFD) Weather › Flight Information Service- Broadcast (FIS-B)
Data Link Weather Products Flight Information Service- Broadcast (FIS-B) Flight Information Service–Broadcast (FIS-B) is a ground broadcast service provided through the Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) Services network over the 978 MHz UAT data link ... system provides pilots and flight crews of properly-equipped aircraft with a flightdeck display of certain aviation weather and aeronautical information which are listed below. • Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METARs) • Special Aviation Reports (SPECIs) • Terminal Area Forecasts (TAFs) and their…
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers
Spins Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers Critical load factors apply to all flight maneuvers except unaccelerated straight flight where a load factor of 1 G is always present. Certain maneuvers considered in this section are known to involve relatively high ... load factors. Full application of pitch, roll, or yaw controls should be confined to speeds below the maneuvering speed. Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g., large sideslip…
- Chapter 13: Effective Aeronautical Decision-Making › Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) Awareness
sectional charts or other topographic references to ensure the helicopter will safely clear terrain and obstructions all along the route. • When planning a nighttime VFR flight, follow IFR practices, such as climbing on a known safe course until well above ... surrounding terrain. Choose a cruising altitude that provides terrain separation similar to IFR flights (2,000 feet above ground level in mountainous areas and 1,000 feet above the ground in other areas). Using this technique, known obstacles, such…