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  • Chapter 3: The Learning Process › Kinds of Errors › Slip

    Errors Errors are a natural part of human performance. Beginners, as well as the most highly skilled experts, are vulnerable to error, and this is perhaps the most important thing to understand about error. To believe people can eliminate errors ... from their performance is to commit the biggest error of all. Instructors and learners alike should be prepared for occasional errors by learning about common kinds of errors, how errors can be minimized, how to learn from errors…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Insufficient Training & Experience

    Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management Introduction Threats What is an Error? Causes of Errors Insufficient Training & Experience Introduction Pilots use risk management as described in earlier chapters to analyze the likelihood and potential severity of an incident or accident ... encounter unforeseen hazards or threats. In addition, a pilot may respond inappropriately to a given condition, thus making an error. This chapter provides strategies pilots may use once flight begins. Threats Threats have the following characteristics: • Threats occur outside…

  • Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 2. Barometric Altimeter Errors and Setting Procedures › 7-3-5. Cold Temperature Airport Procedures

    Pilots that have a system unable to calculate a temperature corrected DA or MDA will manually calculate an altitude correction for the MDA or DA. NOTE-Some systems apply temperature compensation only to those altitudes associated with an instrument approach ... passed the last altitude constraint associated with the active STAR. 2. Individual Segment(s) Method: Pilots are allowed to correct only the marked segment(s) indicated in the CTA list (https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/digital_products/dtpp/search/). Pilots using the Individual Segment(s) Method…

  • Chapter 3: The Learning Process › Errors › Learning from Error

    Error Recovery Given that the occasional error is inevitable, it is a worthwhile exercise to practice recovering from commonly made errors, or those that pose serious consequences. All flight learners need to learn and practice a lost procedure to ensure ... which they have lost their way. It is useful to devote the same sort of preparation to other common learner errors. Learning from Error Error can be a valuable learning resource. Learners naturally make errors, which instructors can utilize…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Psychological Effects

    pilot's erroneous assessment may persist even though it is wrong and despite available evidence to indicate the error. The term for this phenomenon is expectation bias. The NTSB has investigated numerous accidents and incidents that involved pilot errors resulting ... reading the NOTAM and listening to the ATIS broadcast, the pilot perceived it as it had been previously. An error occurred when the pilot initiated an approach to the closed runway…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk › Rotational Relative Wind (Tip-Path Plane)

    Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk Relative Wind Knowledge of relative wind is essential for an understanding of aerodynamics and its practical flight application for the pilot. Relative wind is airflow relative to an airfoil. Movement of an airfoil ... through the air creates relative wind. Relative wind moves in a direction parallel to but opposite of the movement of the airfoil. [Figure 2-15] There are two parts to wind passing a rotor blade: • Horizontal part—caused…