HI.VII.A.K3
KnowledgeEffect of weight and balance and various centers of gravity.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Weight on Flight Performance
Effect of Weight on Flight Performance The takeoff/climb and landing performance of an aircraft are determined on the basis of its maximum allowable takeoff and landing weights. A heavier gross weight results in a longer takeoff run and shallower climb ... clear an obstacle that normally would not be a problem during takeoff under more favorable conditions. The detrimental effects of overloading on performance are not limited to the immediate hazards involved with takeoffs and landings. Overloading has an adverse effect…
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance
item that alters the landing speed or deceleration rate during the landing roll affects the landing distance. The effect of gross weight on landing distance is one of the principal items determining the landing distance. One effect of an increased ... gross weight is that a greater speed is required to support the aircraft at the landing AOA and lift coefficient. For an example of the effect of a change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in landing weight requires…
- 14 CFR § 91.605 Transport category civil airplane weight limitations.
Transport category civil airplane weight limitations. (a) No person may take off any transport category airplane (other than a turbine-engine-powered airplane certificated after September 30, 1958) unless— (1) The takeoff weight does not exceed the authorized maximum takeoff ... weight for the elevation of the airport of takeoff; (2) The elevation of the airport of takeoff is within the altitude range for which maximum takeoff weights have been determined; (3) Normal consumption of fuel and oil in flight…
- Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance
Increased retarding force (drag and ground friction) If the gross weight increases, a greater speed is necessary to produce the greater lift necessary to get the aircraft airborne at the takeoff lift coefficient. As an example of the effect ... change in gross weight, a 21 percent increase in takeoff weight requires a 10 percent increase in lift-off speed to support the greater weight. A change in gross weight changes the net accelerating force and changes the mass that…
- Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity › Stability
Effects of Adverse Balance Adverse balance conditions affect flight characteristics in much the same manner as those mentioned for an excess weight condition. It is vital to comply with weight and balance limits established for all aircraft. Operating above ... maximum weight limitation compromises the structural integrity of the aircraft and can adversely affect performance. Stability and control are also affected by improper balance. Stability Loading in a nose-heavy condition causes problems in controlling and raising the nose, especially…
- Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Effects of Weight
product of the mass of a body and the acceleration acting on the body. Weight is a major factor in aircraft construction and operation and demands respect from all pilots. The force of gravity continuously attempts to pull an aircraft ... down toward Earth. The force of lift is the only force that counteracts weight and sustains an aircraft in flight. The amount of lift produced by an airfoil is limited by the airfoil design, angle of attack (AOA), airspeed…