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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

    Runway Surface and Gradient Runway conditions affect takeoff and landing performance. Typically, performance chart information assumes paved, level, smooth, and dry runway surfaces. Since no two runways are alike, the runway surface differs from one runway to another, as does ... runway gradient or slope. [Figure 11-15] Runway surfaces vary widely from one airport to another. The runway surface encountered may be concrete, asphalt, gravel, dirt, or grass. The runway surface for a specific airport is noted in the Chart…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Normal Takeoff from the Surface › Technique

    track. Figure 9-12. The helicopter takes several positions during a normal takeoff from hover. Normal Takeoff from the Surface Normal takeoff from the surface is used to move the helicopter from a position on the surface into effective translational ... lift and a normal climb using a minimum amount of power. If the surface is dusty or covered with loose snow, this technique provides the most favorable visibility conditions and reduces the possibility of debris being ingested by the engine…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

    place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path and land beyond its touchdown point. [Figure ... Landing behind a larger aircraft on a parallel runway closer than 2,500 feet—consider the possibility of drift and stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path and note its touchdown point. [Figure…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Stop Bar Lights › New Lighting Technologies

    Technologies A top priority of the FAA is to continue to enhance airport safety while maintaining airport capacity. Reducing runway incursions is a major component of this effort. Runway incursions develop quickly and without warning during routine traffic situations ... airport surface, leaving little time for corrective action. The Runway Status Lights (RWSL) System is designed to provide a direct indication to you that it is unsafe to enter a runway, cross a runway, or takeoff from or land…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › VFR Flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions

    more conservative than those required by regulations for VFR flight. In addition, a thorough preflight and understanding of weather conditions that may contribute to the risk of IMC developing along a planned route of flight is essential for safety. Pilots ... should recognize deteriorating weather conditions so the route of flight can be changed or a decision made to terminate the flight and safely land at a suitable area, well before IIMC occurs. If weather conditions deteriorate below the pilot…

  • Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 2. Departure Procedures › 5-2-9. Instrument Departure Procedures (DP) - Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP), Stan…

    Cleared to Johnston Airport, Scott One departure, Jonez transition, Q-OneForty-five. Climb via SID.” NOTE-In Example 3, the aircraft must comply with the Scott One departure lateral path and any published speed and altitude restrictions while climbing ... determines the top altitude must be changed to FL180). The clearance will read: “Cleared to Johnston Airport, Scott One departure, Jonez transition, Q-One Forty-five, Climb via SID except maintain flight level one eight zero.” NOTE-In Example…