HI.VIII.E.K4

From the FAA library

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-21
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Effective Translational Lift (ETL)

  Translational Lift Improved rotor efficiency resulting from directional flight is called translational lift. The efficiency of the hovering rotor disk is greatly improved with each knot of incoming wind gained by horizontal movement of the aircraft or surface wind ... efficiency of the tail rotor. Figure 2-38. To compensate for blowback, you must move the cyclic forward. Effective Translational Lift (ETL) While transitioning to forward flight at about 16 to 24 knots, the helicopter goes through effective translational lift…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-17
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight

  forward. However, as the helicopter begins to accelerate from a hover, the rotor disk becomes more efficient due to translational lift (see translational lift on page 2-19). The result is excess power over that which is required to hover…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 11-17
  Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Landing—Stuck Neutral or Right Pedal

  decision to land or go around has to be made prior to any throttle reduction. Using airspeeds slightly above translational lift may be helpful to ensure that the nose does not continue yawing to the right. If a go-around ... required, increasing the collective too much or too rapidly with airspeeds below translational lift may cause a rapid spinning to the right…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 9-12
  Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Normal Takeoff from the Surface › Technique

  Normal takeoff from the surface is used to move the helicopter from a position on the surface into effective translational lift and a normal climb using a minimum amount of power. If the surface is dusty or covered with loose ... ground, use the cyclic, as necessary, to begin forward movement as altitude is gained. Continue to accelerate. As effective translational lift is attained, the helicopter begins to climb. Adjust attitude and power, if necessary, to climb in the same manner…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 10-7
  Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing › Technique

  maneuver to be accomplished successfully. The helicopter should arrive at the point of touchdown at or slightly above effective translational lift. Since translational lift diminishes rapidly at slow airspeeds, the deceleration must be coordinated smoothly, at the same time keeping…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 9-12
  Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Normal Takeoff from a Hover › Technique

  proper antitorque pedal to maintain heading. Maintain a straight takeoff path throughout the takeoff. While accelerating through effective translational lift (position 3), the helicopter begins to climb, and the nose tends to rise due to increased lift. At this point ... climb attitude. Common Errors 1. Failing to use sufficient collective pitch to prevent loss of altitude prior to attaining translational lift. 2. Adding power too rapidly at the beginning of the transition from hovering to forward flight without forward cyclic…