HI.VIII.E.R3a

From the FAA library

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-19
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Airflow in Forward Flight

  blade continues to rotate, velocity of the airflow then increases to rotational velocity over the tail. It continues to increase until the blade is back at the 3 o’clock position. The advancing blade in Figure 2-35, position ... moves in the same direction as the helicopter. The velocity of the air meeting this blade equals rotational velocity of the blade plus wind velocity resulting from forward airspeed. The retreating blade (position C) moves in a flow…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... ground. One of the direct results of ground effect is the variation of induced drag with wing height above the ground at a constant CL. When the wing is at a height equal to its span, the reduction in induced…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-13
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

  Takeoff distance chart. The gradient or slope of the runway is the amount of change in runway height over the length of the runway. The gradient is expressed as a percentage, such as a 3 percent gradient. This means that ... every 100 feet of runway length, the runway height changes by 3 feet. A positive gradient indicates the runway height increases, and a negative gradient indicates the runway decreases in height. An upsloping runway impedes acceleration and results…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 7-3
  Chapter 7: Helicopter Performance › Performance Charts › Height/Velocity Diagram

  power loss resulting in an uncushioned landing would probably be survivable. As the airspeed increases without an increase in height, there comes a point at which the pilot’s reaction time would be insufficient to react with a flare ... response time of the helicopter flight controls at slow airspeeds and low altitudes. Even small increases in height give the pilot much greater time to react; therefore, the bottom right part of the H/V diagram is usually a shallow gradient…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 9-13
  Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Crosswind Considerations During Takeoffs

  Using excessive power combined with a level attitude, which causes a vertical climb, unless needed for obstructions and landing considerations. 3. Application of the collective that is too abrupt when departing the surface, causing rpm and heading control errors. Crosswind ... Considerations During Takeoffs If the takeoff is made during crosswind conditions, the helicopter is flown in a slip during the early stages of the maneuver. [Figure 9-13] The cyclic is held into the wind a sufficient amount to maintain…

• Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook - Airframep. 13-62
  Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems › Anti-Skid › Wheel Speed Sensors

  from the wheel sensor into DC voltage that is proportional to wheel speed. The output is used in a velocity reference loop that contains deceleration and velocity reference circuits. The converter also supplies input for the spoiler system ... locked wheel system, which is discussed at the end of this section. A velocity reference loop output voltage is produced, which represents the instantaneous velocity of the aircraft. This is compared to converter output in the velocity comparator. This comparison…