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  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

    type. • Indicated airspeed (IAS)—the direct instrument reading obtained from the ASI, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis for determining aircraft performance. Takeoff, landing, and stall speeds listed ... normally vary with altitude or temperature. Figure 8-7. Airspeed indicator (ASI). Calibrated airspeed (CAS)—IAS corrected for installation error and instrument error. Although manufacturers attempt to keep airspeed errors to a minimum, it is not possible to eliminate…

  • Chapter 3: The Learning Process › Errors › Learning from Error

    Error Recovery Given that the occasional error is inevitable, it is a worthwhile exercise to practice recovering from commonly made errors, or those that pose serious consequences. All flight learners need to learn and practice a lost procedure to ensure ... which they have lost their way. It is useful to devote the same sort of preparation to other common learner errors. Learning from Error Error can be a valuable learning resource. Learners naturally make errors, which instructors can utilize…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Insufficient Training & Experience

    Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management Introduction Threats What is an Error? Causes of Errors Insufficient Training & Experience Introduction Pilots use risk management as described in earlier chapters to analyze the likelihood and potential severity of an incident or accident ... encounter unforeseen hazards or threats. In addition, a pilot may respond inappropriately to a given condition, thus making an error. This chapter provides strategies pilots may use once flight begins. Threats Threats have the following characteristics: • Threats occur outside…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations › Common Errors

    preferred, but rearward flight may be necessary, stopping often while moving to check on the location of obstacles relative to the tail rotor. When planning the takeoff, consider the direction of the wind, obstructions, and forced landing areas. To help ... power setting and accelerate to the normal climb speed. Then, reduce power to the normal climb power setting. Common Errors 1. Failure to perform, or improper performance of, a high or low reconnaissance. 2. Approach angle that is too steep…

  • Chapter 3: The Learning Process › Kinds of Errors › Slip

    Errors Errors are a natural part of human performance. Beginners, as well as the most highly skilled experts, are vulnerable to error, and this is perhaps the most important thing to understand about error. To believe people can eliminate errors ... from their performance is to commit the biggest error of all. Instructors and learners alike should be prepared for occasional errors by learning about common kinds of errors, how errors can be minimized, how to learn from errors…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation › Common Errors

    landing carriage, slowing the helicopter; however, this is dependent on the condition of the landing surface. One common error is the holding of the helicopter off the surface, versus cushioning it onto the surface during an autorotation. Holding the helicopter ... surface for a controlled, smooth landing instead of allowing the helicopter to drop the last few inches. Common Errors 1. Not understanding the importance of an immediate entry into autorotation upon powerplant or driveline failure. 2. Failing to use sufficient…