HI.VIII.E.S9

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... downwash, and wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 9-13
  Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Crosswind Considerations During Takeoffs

  Application of the collective that is too abrupt when departing the surface, causing rpm and heading control errors. Crosswind Considerations During Takeoffs If the takeoff is made during crosswind conditions, the helicopter is flown in a slip during the early ... stages of the maneuver. [Figure 9-13] The cyclic is held into the wind a sufficient amount to maintain the desired ground track for the takeoff. The heading is maintained with the use of the antitorque pedals. In other words…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 9-9
  Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Hovering—Sideward Flight › Technique

  Exaggerated movement of the cyclic, resulting in erratic movement over the surface. Figure 9-7. To maintain a straight ground track, use two reference points in line and at some distance in front of the helicopter. Failure to use proper ... antitorque pedal control, resulting in excessive heading change. 3. Failure to maintain desired hovering height. 4. Failure to maintain proper rpm. 5. Failure to maintain alignment with direction of travel. Hovering—Sideward Flight Sideward hovering flight may be necessary…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 9-12
  Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Normal Takeoff from a Hover › Technique

  increase in power requires an increase in the proper antitorque pedal to maintain heading. Maintain a straight takeoff path throughout the takeoff. While accelerating through effective translational lift (position 3), the helicopter begins to climb, and the nose tends ... diagram. As airspeed increases (position 5), place the aircraft in trim and allow a crab to take place to maintain ground track and a more favorable climb configuration. As the helicopter continues to climb and accelerate to best rate…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 9-18
  Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Crosswind Approach and Landing › Crosswind After-Landing Roll

  With the main wheels acting as a pivot point and the greater surface area exposed to the crosswind behind that pivot point, the airplane tends to turn or weathervane into the wind. The relative wind acting on an airplane during ... acts in the direction the air mass is traveling. It has a headwind component acting along the airplane’s ground track and a crosswind component acting 90° to its track. The other factor is the wind induced by the forward…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 6-6
  Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Crosswind Takeoff › Takeoff Roll

  Crosswind Takeoff While it is usually preferable to take off directly into the wind whenever possible or practical, there are many instances when circumstances or judgment indicate otherwise. Therefore, the pilot must be familiar with the principles and techniques involved ... crosswind takeoffs, as well as those for normal takeoffs. A crosswind affects the airplane during takeoff much as it does during taxiing. With this in mind, the pilot should be aware that the technique used for crosswind correction during takeoffs…