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  • Chapter 8: Aviation Instructor Responsibilities and Professionalism › Flight Instructor Responsibilities › Ensuring Learner Skill Set

    item included in the applicable ACS/ PTS. The ACS integrates risk management and safety throughout and with supplementary appendix information. PTS lists special emphasis items. Some common items include: 1. Positive aircraft control 2. Procedures for positive ... exchange of flight controls 3. Stall and spin awareness 4. Collision avoidance 5. Wake turbulence and low-level wind turbulence and wind shear avoidance 6. Runway incursion avoidance 7. Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) 8. Aeronautical decision-making (ADM)/risk…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

    Vortex Avoidance Procedures The following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path ... land beyond its touchdown point. [Figure 14-47A] • Landing behind a larger aircraft on a parallel runway closer than 2,500 feet—consider the possibility of drift and stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

    Ensure that runways are adequate in length for takeoff acceleration and landing deceleration when less than ideal surface conditions are being reported. Figure 11-15. Takeoff distance chart. The gradient or slope of the runway is the amount of change ... runway height over the length of the runway. The gradient is expressed as a percentage, such as a 3 percent gradient. This means that for every 100 feet of runway length, the runway height changes by 3 feet. A positive…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Airport Lighting › In-Runway Lighting

    Runway Lighting Runway centerline lighting system (RCLS)—installed on some precision approach runways to facilitate landing under adverse visibility conditions. They are located along the runway centerline and are spaced at 50-foot intervals. When viewed from the landing threshold ... runway centerline lights are white until the last 3,000 feet of the runway. The white lights begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000 feet. For the remaining 1,000 feet of the runway, all centerline lights…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Airport Lighting › Runway Edge Lights

    Runway Lighting There are various lights that identify parts of the runway complex. These assist a pilot in safely making a takeoff or landing during night operations. Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) Runway end identifier lights (REIL) are installed ... many airfields to provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway. The system consists of a pair of synchronized flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold. REILs may be either omnidirectional…

  • 14 CFR Part 141, Appendix J to Part 141—Aircraft Type Rating Course, For Other Than an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate

    Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (1) A type rating for an airplane—single-engine course: (i) Preflight preparation; (ii) Preflight procedures; (iii) Takeoff and departure phase; (iv) In-flight maneuvers; (v) Instrument procedures; (vi) Landings and approaches to landings; (vii) Normal ... abnormal procedures; (viii) Emergency procedures; and (ix) Postflight procedures. (2) A type rating for an airplane—multiengine course: (i) Preflight preparation; (ii) Preflight procedures; (iii) Takeoff and departure phase; (iv) In-flight maneuvers; (v) Instrument procedures; (vi) Landings and approaches…