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  • 26 FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS OTHER THAN FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING › 26.2 Flight Instructor Certificate With Rotorcraft Category and Helicopter Class Rating

    attest to the applicant’s competence in these tasks. The following areas must be trained and documented in the endorsement, as evidence of instructional knowledge relating to the elements, common errors, performance, and correction of common errors related to straight ... previous practical test for deficiencies in instructional knowledge pertaining to the elements, common errors, performance, or correction of common errors related to straight-in autorotation in a single-engine helicopter or autorotation with turns in a single-engine helicopter…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Compass Systems › Magnetic Compass Induced Errors

    Figure 8-36. Northerly and southerly turning errors. Southerly Turning Errors When turning in a southerly direction, the forces are such that the compass float assembly lags rather than leads. The result is a false southerly turn indication. The compass ... float assembly, should be allowed to pass the desired heading prior to stopping the turn. As with the northerly error, this error is amplified with the proximity to either magnetic pole. To correct this lagging error, the aircraft should…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk › Rotational Relative Wind (Tip-Path Plane)

    Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk Relative Wind Knowledge of relative wind is essential for an understanding of aerodynamics and its practical flight application for the pilot. Relative wind is airflow relative to an airfoil. Movement of an airfoil ... through the air creates relative wind. Relative wind moves in a direction parallel to but opposite of the movement of the airfoil. [Figure 2-15] There are two parts to wind passing a rotor blade: • Horizontal part—caused…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk › Resultant Relative Wind

    highest. As blade speed decreases nearer the center of the disk, downward velocity is less. Figure 2-19. Rotational relative wind. Resultant Relative Wind The resultant relative wind at a hover is rotational relative wind modified by induced flow. This ... inclined downward at some angle and opposite the effective flightpath of the airfoil, rather than the physical flightpath (rotational relative wind). The resultant relative wind also serves as the reference plane for development of lift, drag, and total aerodynamic force…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation › Common Errors

    landing carriage, slowing the helicopter; however, this is dependent on the condition of the landing surface. One common error is the holding of the helicopter off the surface, versus cushioning it onto the surface during an autorotation. Holding the helicopter ... surface for a controlled, smooth landing instead of allowing the helicopter to drop the last few inches. Common Errors 1. Not understanding the importance of an immediate entry into autorotation upon powerplant or driveline failure. 2. Failing to use sufficient…

  • Chapter 1: Risk Management and Single-Pilot Resource Management › Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) › Task Management

    task is a function performed by a human, as opposed to one performed by a machine (e.g., setting the target heading in the autopilot). The flight deck is an environment in which important tasks compete for pilot attention ... given time. TM determines which tasks the pilot(s) should attend to. TM entails initiation of new tasks; monitoring of ongoing tasks to determine their status; prioritization of tasks based on their importance, status, urgency, and other factors; allocation…