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  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Positive Exchange of Flight Controls › Procedure

    Procedure During flight training, there should always be a clear understanding between learners and flight instructors about who has control of the aircraft. The preflight briefing should include procedures for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step process ... exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended. When an instructor is teaching a maneuver to a learner, the instructor normally demonstrates the maneuver first, then has the learner follow along…

  • Chapter 8: Ground Procedures and Flight Preparations › Preflight › Minimum Equipment Lists (MELs) and Operations with Inoperative Equipment

    maintenance deferrals must be accomplished in accordance with the terms and conditions of the MEL and the operatorgenerated procedures document. The use of an MEL for rotorcraft operated under part 91 also allows for the deferral of inoperative items ... model MMEL, along with an LOA, and the preamble. The operator then develops operations and maintenance (O&M) procedures from the MMEL. This MMEL with O&M procedures now becomes the operator’s MEL. The MEL, LOA, preamble, and procedures…

  • Chapter 8: Ground Procedures and Flight Preparations › Engine Start and Rotor Engagement › Aircraft Servicing

    properly conducted. Pilots should remain at the flight controls; and refueling personnel should be knowledgeable about the proper refueling procedures and properly briefed for specific helicopter makes and models. The pilot may need to train the refueling personnel on proper ... refueling procedures for that specific helicopter. The pilot should explain communication signs or calls, normal servicing procedures, and emergency procedures as a minimum. At all times during the refueling process, the pilot should remain vigilant and ready to immediately shut…

  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Integrating Instruction Techniques › Integrated Training Curricula

    classroom to the aircraft. An instructor initially provides the required knowledge in a classroom environment and then follows with procedural training in the simulator. For example, when utilizing an integrated ground and flight-training program, an authorized instructor would initially ... design, and the associated flight operations through ground and classroom training. The instructor then provides instruction on aircraft flight procedures and details specific to operations in national airspace system. After the learner has gained the required knowledge and understands…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Defenses Provided to the Pilot or Crew › Checklists, Standard Operating Procedures, and Best Practices

    flight school may provide defenses to pilots. Examples include checklists, operating limitations, minimum pilot qualifications, standard operating procedures, and insurance requirements. Regardless of the flight mission, some defenses will always be predetermined. Checklists, Standard Operating Procedures, and Best Practices Like ... aircraft, its approved checklists are normally provided. The manufacturer’s approved checklists, placards, and emergency procedures provide a basic defense against threats, errors, or undesired aircraft states. Many flight schools, flying clubs, and larger flight departments may develop checklists…

  • Chapter 5: Rotorcraft Flight Manual › Normal Procedures (Section 4)

    Normal Procedures (Section 4) The normal procedures section is the section most frequently used. It usually begins with a listing of airspeeds that may enhance the safety of normal operations. It is a good idea to learn the airspeeds that ... normal flight operations. The next part of the section includes several checklists, which cover the preflight inspection, beforestarting procedure, how to start the engine, rotor engagement, ground checks, takeoff, approach, landing, and shutdown. Some manufacturers also include the procedures…