HI.XI.K.R2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 12-10
  Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Low-Level Wind Shear

  flows down the leeward side of the mountain, the air follows the contour of the terrain and is increasingly turbulent. This tends to push an aircraft into the side of a mountain. The stronger the wind, the greater the downward ... pressure and turbulence become. Figure 12-16. Turbulence in mountainous regions. Due to the effect terrain has on the wind in valleys or canyons, downdrafts can be severe. Before conducting a flight in or near mountainous terrain, it is helpful…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 12-7
  Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Wind Patterns

  Wind Patterns In the Northern Hemisphere, the flow of air from areas of high to low pressure is deflected to the right and produces a clockwise circulation around an area of high pressure. This is known as anticyclonic circulation ... Thus, bad weather is commonly associated with areas of low pressure. A good understanding of high- and low-pressure wind patterns can be of great help when planning a flight because a pilot can take advantage of beneficial tailwinds. [Figure…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 16-13
  Chapter 16: Navigation › Dead Reckoning › Wind Triangle or Vector Analysis

  means of computations based on time, airspeed, distance, and direction. The products derived from these variables, when adjusted by wind speed and velocity, are heading and GS. The predicted heading takes the aircraft along the intended path ... country flying. The heading and GS, as calculated, is constantly monitored and corrected by pilotage as observed from checkpoints. Wind Triangle or Vector Analysis If there is no wind, the aircraft’s ground track is the same as the heading…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 12-12
  Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Wind and Pressure Representation on Surface Weather Maps

  speed of the wind is depicted by barbs or pennants placed on the wind line. Each barb represents a speed of ten knots, while half a barb is equal to five knots, and a pennant is equal to 50 knots ... terrain altitudes and slope steepness. For example, isobars that are closely spaced indicate a steep pressure gradient and strong winds prevail. Shallow gradients, on the other hand, are represented by isobars that are spaced far apart and are indicative…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-9
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk › Rotational Relative Wind (Tip-Path Plane)

  Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk Relative Wind Knowledge of relative wind is essential for an understanding of aerodynamics and its practical flight application for the pilot. Relative wind is airflow relative to an airfoil. Movement of an airfoil ... through the air creates relative wind. Relative wind moves in a direction parallel to but opposite of the movement of the airfoil. [Figure 2-15] There are two parts to wind passing a rotor blade: • Horizontal part—caused…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 10-22
  Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Instrument Weather Flying › Turbulence

  adequacy of the aircraft and navigation/communication (NAV/COM) equipment for the proposed IFR flight. Performance limitations, accessories, and general condition of the equipment are directly related to the weather, route, altitude, and ground facilities pertinent to the flight, as well ... flight deck workload. Weather Conditions In addition to the weather conditions that might affect a VFR flight, an IFR pilot must consider the effects of other weather phenomena (e.g., thunderstorms, turbulence, icing, and visibility). Turbulence Inflight turbulence can range from…