IL.II.B.K2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-6
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Treatment of Hypoxia › Spatial Disorientation and Illusions

  resulting from maneuvering the aircraft, which can lead to sensory illusions and false impressions of an aircraft’s orientation and movement. Under normal flight conditions, when there is a visual reference to the horizon and ground, the sensory system ... contact with the horizon is lost, the vestibular system becomes unreliable. Without visual references outside the aircraft, there are many situations in which combinations of normal motions and forces create convincing illusions that are difficult to overcome. Prevention is usually…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-12
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Ground Lighting Illusions › How To Prevent Landing Errors Due to Optical Illusions

  landing procedures. In addition to the sensory illusions due to misleading inputs to the vestibular system, a pilot may also encounter various visual illusions during flight. Illusions rank among the most common factors cited as contributing to fatal aviation accidents…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-8
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Visual Illusions › Demonstration of Spatial Disorientation

  constant basis. “Seat of the pants” flying is largely dependent upon these signals. Used in conjunction with visual and vestibular clues, these sensations can be fairly reliable. However, because of the forces acting upon the body in certain flight situations ... controlled aircraft maneuvers a pilot can perform to experiment with spatial disorientation. While each maneuver normally creates a specific illusion, any false sensation is an effective demonstration of disorientation. Thus, even if there is no sensation during any of these…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-7
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Health and Physiological Factors Affecting Pilot Performance › Vestibular Illusions

  Take care when retrieving charts and other objects in the flight deck…

• Instrument Flying Handbookp. 3-5
  Chapter 3: Human Factors › Sensory Systems for Orientation › Coriolis Illusion

  Linear acceleration. The sensory system responsible for most of the illusions leading to spatial disorientation is the vestibular system. Visual illusions can also cause spatial disorientation. Vestibular Illusions The Leans A condition called “the leans” can result when a banked…