IL.II.F.K3

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-3
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity › Stability

  Effects of Adverse Balance Adverse balance conditions affect flight characteristics in much the same manner as those mentioned for an excess weight condition. It is vital to comply with weight and balance limits established for all aircraft. Operating above ... maximum weight limitation compromises the structural integrity of the aircraft and can adversely affect performance. Stability and control are also affected by improper balance. Stability Loading in a nose-heavy condition causes problems in controlling and raising the nose, especially…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-42
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Weight on Flight Performance

  Effect of Weight on Flight Performance The takeoff/climb and landing performance of an aircraft are determined on the basis of its maximum allowable takeoff and landing weights. A heavier gross weight results in a longer takeoff run and shallower climb ... problem during takeoff under more favorable conditions. The detrimental effects of overloading on performance are not limited to the immediate hazards involved with takeoffs and landings. Overloading has an adverse effect on all climb and cruise performance, which leads…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 9-3
  Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents › Weight and Loading Distribution

  Weight and Loading Distribution Weight and Loading Distribution contains the maximum certificated weights, as well as the center of gravity (CG) range. The location of the reference datum used in balance computations is included in this section. Weight and balance ... computations are not provided in this area, but rather in the weight and balance section of the AFM/POH. Figure 9-4. Manifold pressure gauge (top) and tachometer (bottom). Flight Limits Flight Limits list authorized maneuvers with appropriate entry speeds, flight…

• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbookp. 9-10
  Chapter 9: Weight and Balance Control— Commuter Category and Large Aircraft › Determining CG Changes Caused by Modifying the Cargo › Determining the Maximum Amount of Payload That Can Be Carried

  Determining the Maximum Amount of Payload That Can Be Carried The primary function of a transport or cargo aircraft is to carry payload, which is the portion of the useful load, passengers, or cargo that produces revenue. To determine ... maximum amount of payload that can be carried, both the maximum limits for the aircraft and the trip limits imposed by the particular trip must be considered. In each of the following steps, the trip limit must be less than…

• Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbookp. 7-7
  Chapter 7: Center of Gravity Change After a Repair or Alteration › Adverse-Load CG Checks › Aft Adverse-Load CG Check

  Adverse-Load CG Check To conduct an aft or rearward CG check, make a chart that includes the empty weight and EWCG of the aircraft after the alteration and all occupants and items of the load behind ... limit of 46.0. The pilot is in front of this limit but is essential for flight and must be included. In this example, only the pilot occupies the front seats. Since the CG of the fuel is behind…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-40
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance

  Figure 5-61. Another formula that can be used for radius. The importance of the CG was stressed in the discussion of stability, controllability, and performance. Unequal load distribution causes accidents. A competent pilot understands and respects the effects ... aircraft. Weight and balance are critical components in the utilization of an aircraft to its fullest potential. The pilot must know how much fuel can be loaded onto the aircraft without violating CG limits, as well as weight limits…