IL.III.C.K2k
KnowledgeMeteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
Frost
From the FAA library
- Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Atmospheric Stability › Dew and Frost
Frost On cool, clear, calm nights, the temperature of the ground and objects on the surface can cause temperatures of the surrounding air to drop below the dew point. When this occurs, the moisture in the air condenses and deposits ... other objects in the morning. If the temperature is below freezing, the moisture is deposited in the form of frost. While dew poses no threat to an aircraft, frost poses a definite flight safety hazard. Frost disrupts the flow…
- 21 Arctic Weather › 21.4 Arctic Weather Hazards › 21.4.1 Fog and Ice Fog
darkness in lower latitudes. 21.4 Arctic Weather Hazards Weather hazards include visibility-restricting phenomena such as blowing snow, icing, frost, and lack of contrast (e.g., whiteout). 21.4.1 Fog and Ice Fog Fog occurs when water droplets or ice particles ... Water-droplet fog occurs in coastal areas during the summer. Ice fog (also called ice-crystal fog, frozen fog, frost fog, frost flakes, air hoar, rime fog, and pogonip) is a type of fog formed by direct freezing of supercooled…
- 14 CFR § 91.527 Operating in icing conditions.
Operating in icing conditions. (a) No pilot may take off an airplane that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to any propeller, windshield, stabilizing or control surface; to a powerplant installation; or to an airspeed, altimeter, rate of climb ... flight attitude instrument system or wing, except that takeoffs may be made with frost under the wing in the area of the fuel tanks if authorized by the FAA. (b) No pilot may fly under IFR into known or forecast…
- 14 CFR § 91.1101 Pilots: Initial, transition, and upgrade ground training.
hazardous meteorological conditions; and (iv) Operating airplanes during ground icing conditions, (that is, any time conditions are such that frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be expected to adhere to the aircraft), if the program manager expects to authorize takeoffs ... deicing/anti-icing procedures, including inspection and check procedures and responsibilities; (C) Communications; (D) Airplane surface contamination (that is, adherence of frost, ice, or snow) and critical area identification, and knowledge of how contamination adversely affects airplane performance and flight characteristics…
- Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards › 7-6-15. Operations in Ground Icing Conditions
hands on) check of the critical surfaces when feasible. Even when otherwise permitted, operators should avoid smooth or polished frost on lift-generating surfaces as an acceptable preflight condition. 2. Review and refresh your cold weather standard operating procedures…
- Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Environmental Hazards › Weather
Icing–Icing conditions constitute a hazard, and in-flight ice accretion has resulted in numerous loss of control accidents. Frost, ice, or snow adhering to the aircraft on the ground, if not removed, can also be a hazard. • Low Ceilings…