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  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Electrical System

    Associated electrical wiring Engine-driven alternators or generators supply electric current to the electrical system. They also maintain a sufficient electrical charge in the battery. Electrical energy stored in a battery provides a source of electrical power for starting ... engine and a limited supply of electrical power for use in the event the alternator or generator fails. Most DC generators do not produce a sufficient amount of electrical current at low engine rpm to operate the entire electrical system…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Ignition System

    With RIGHT or LEFT selected, only the associated magneto is activated. The system operates on both magnetos when BOTH is selected. A malfunctioning ignition system can be identified during the pretakeoff check by observing the decrease in rpm that occurs ... engine stops running when switched to one magneto or if the rpm drop exceeds the allowable limit, do not fly the aircraft until the problem is corrected. The cause could be fouled plugs, broken or shorted wires between the magneto…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Starting System

    starter engages the aircraft flywheel, rotating the engine at a speed that allows the engine to start and maintain operation. Electrical power for starting is usually supplied by an onboard battery, but can also be supplied by external power through ... starter switch draw current from the main bus bar, but the starter will not operate until the starting solenoid is energized by the starter switch being turned to the “start” position. When the starter switch is released from the “start…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Turbine Engines › Foreign Object Damage (FOD)

    deflectors, may also be utilized. Preflight procedures include a visual inspection for any sign of FOD. Turbine Engine Hot/Hung Start When the EGT exceeds the safe limit of an aircraft, it experiences a “hot start.” This is caused ... much fuel entering the combustion chamber or insufficient turbine rpm. Any time an engine has a hot start, refer to the AFM/POH or an appropriate maintenance manual for inspection requirements. If the engine fails to accelerate to the proper speed…

  • Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents › Weight and Loading Distribution

    weight and balance section of the AFM/POH. Figure 9-4. Manifold pressure gauge (top) and tachometer (bottom). Flight Limits Flight Limits list authorized maneuvers with appropriate entry speeds, flight load factor limits, and types of operation limits. It also indicates ... those maneuvers that are prohibited, such as spins or acrobatic flight, as well as operational limitations such as flight into known icing conditions. Placards Most aircraft display one or more placards that contain information having a direct bearing…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Speed Ranges

    VMO/MMO is defined as the maximum operating limit speed. VMO is expressed in knots calibrated airspeed (KCAS), while MMO is expressed in Mach number. The VMO limit is usually associated with operations at lower altitudes and deals with structural loads ... flutter. The MMO limit is associated with operations at higher altitudes and is usually more concerned with compressibility effects and flutter. At lower altitudes, structural loads and flutter are of concern; at higher altitudes, compressibility effects and flutter…