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  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Turbine Engines › Foreign Object Damage (FOD)

    utilized. Preflight procedures include a visual inspection for any sign of FOD. Turbine Engine Hot/Hung Start When the EGT exceeds the safe limit of an aircraft, it experiences a “hot start.” This is caused by too much fuel entering…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Electrical System

    charge in the battery. Electrical energy stored in a battery provides a source of electrical power for starting the engine and a limited supply of electrical power for use in the event the alternator or generator fails. Most DC generators ... aircraft have receptacles to which an external ground power unit (GPU) may be connected to provide electrical energy for starting. These are very useful, especially during cold weather starting. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for engine starting using…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Boundary Layer Separation › High Speed Flight Controls

    With this shape, the airflow separation starts at the trailing edge and progresses forward gradually as AOA is increased. The pointed leading edge necessary for high-speed flight results in an abrupt stall and restricts the use of trailing edge ... ability to perform large trim changes due to wing leading edge and trailing edge high-lift devices without limiting the amount of elevator remaining • Maintaining trim drag to a minimum…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Oil Systems

    indicates the minimum and maximum pressures. There should be an indication of oil pressure during engine start. Refer to the AFM/POH for manufacturer limitations. The oil temperature gauge measures the temperature of oil. A green area shows the normal operating ... maximum allowable temperature. Unlike oil pressure, changes in oil temperature occur more slowly. This is particularly noticeable after starting a cold engine, when it may take several minutes or longer for the gauge to show any increase in oil temperature…

  • Glossary › Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum

    foot-pounds per minute. Hot start. In gas turbine engines, a start which occurs with normal engine rotation, but exhaust temperature exceeds prescribed limits. This is usually caused by an excessively rich mixture in the combustor. The fuel…

  • Chapter 2: Personal Minimums › Personal Minimums › Step 5—Adjust for Specific Conditions

    additional safety margins [Figure 2-9] only provide a starting point. Pilots may develop their own adjustment factors based on experience, aircraft capabilities, and operation. If flying experience is limited or infrequent, the adjustment magnitude could increase. If multiple special…