IL.VII.A.R5

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-11
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

  Figure 5-16. Ground effect changes airflow. Ground effect also alters the thrust required versus velocity. Since induced drag predominates at low speeds, the reduction of induced drag due to ground effect will cause a significant reduction of thrust required ... downwash, and wingtip vortices, there may be a change in position (installation) error of the airspeed system associated with ground effect. In the majority of cases, ground effect causes an increase in the local pressure at the static source…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 9-1
  Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Integrating Instruction Techniques › Ground Instruction

  Integrating Instruction Techniques A flight instructor uses many instructional techniques during ground instruction, when using simulation, and during hands-on aircraft training. Since flight training costs are high and new aircraft are more complex than in the past, the total ... time without sacrificing the quality of the end product. This section looks at teaching techniques in greater detail. Ground Instruction Ground instruction can be highly effective if it follows an overall plan designed to prepare the learner for flight…

• Aviation Instructor's Handbookp. 9-4
  Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Integrating Instruction Techniques › On-Aircraft Training

  Aircraft Training On-aircraft training is the continuation of work that is initiated on the ground and part of the integrated training process. As indicated in Chapter 7, Planning Instructional Activity, the instructor must plan the flight given ... same extent as the learner who prepares for it. Just as it is important to have objectives for ground instruction, it is equally important that the flight instruction have objectives and a syllabus paired with previous instruction given…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 11-11
  Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Ground Resonance

  Ground Resonance Helicopters with articulating rotors (usually designs with three or more main rotor blades) are subject to ground resonance, a destructive vibration phenomenon that occurs at certain rotor speeds when the helicopter is on the ground. Ground resonance ... balance rotor. The unbalanced rotor disk vibrates at the same frequency (or multiple thereof) of the airframe’s resonant frequency, and the harmonic oscillation increases because the engine is adding power to the system, increasing the magnitude (amplitude…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 11-11
  Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Dynamic Rollover

  rollover angle is exceeded, the helicopter rolls on its side regardless of the cyclic corrections made. Figure 11-4. Ground resonance. Dynamic rollover begins when the helicopter starts to pivot laterally around its skid or wheel. For dynamic rollover…