IL.VII.C.K9

From the FAA library

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 7-1-43
  Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 1. Meteorology › 7-1-14. Reporting of Cloud Heights

  meter increments for products between 1,200 meters and 2,000 meters. 7-1-14. Reporting of Cloud Heights a. Ceiling, by definition in the CFRs and as used in aviation weather reports and forecasts, is the height above ground ... phenomenon that is reported as “broken,” “overcast,” or “obscuration,” e.g., an aerodrome forecast (TAF) which reads “BKN030” refers to height above ground level. An area forecast which reads “BKN030” indicates that the height is above mean sea level. b. Pilots…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-4
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Lift

  that doubling of the airspeed will result in four times the lift. As a result, one can see that velocity is an important component to the production of lift, which itself can be affected through varying AOA. When examining ... equation, lift (L) is determined through the relationship of the air density (ρ), the airfoil velocity (V), the surface area of the wing (S) and the coefficient of lift (CL) for a given airfoil. Taking the equation further…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 1-1-14
  Chapter 1. Air Navigation › Section 1. Navigation Aids › 1-1-9. Instrument Landing System (ILS)

  Pilots must be alert when approaching the glidepath interception. False courses and reverse sensing will occur at angles considerably greater than the published path. 5. Make every effort to remain on the indicated glide path. CAUTION-Avoid flying below ... glide path to assure obstacle/terrain clearance is maintained. 6. The published glide slope threshold crossing height (TCH) DOES NOT represent the height of the actual glide path on-course indication above the runway threshold. It is used as a reference…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-6
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Parasite Drag

  virtually motionless. Each layer of molecules above the surface moves slightly faster until the molecules are moving at the velocity of the air moving around the aircraft. This speed is called the free-stream velocity. The area between the wing ... free-stream velocity level is about as wide as a playing card and is called the boundary layer. At the top of the boundary layer, the molecules increase velocity and move at the same speed as the molecules outside…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 5-4-25
  Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 4. Arrival Procedures › 5-4-5. Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Charts

  must not be used for approach procedures. 5. Chart Terminology. (a) Decision Altitude (DA) replaces the familiar term Decision Height (DH). DA conforms to the international convention where altitudes relate to MSL and heights relate to AGL. DA will eventually ... many years, and will continue to be used for the LNAV only and circling procedures. (c) Threshold Crossing Height (TCH) has been traditionally used in “precision” approaches as the height of the glide slope above threshold. With publication of LNAV/VNAV…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-32
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Basic Propeller Principles › Asymmetric Loading (P-Factor)

  aircraft and the AOA of each blade. This asymmetric loading is caused by the resultant velocity, which is generated by the combination of the velocity of the propeller blade in its plane of rotation and the velocity ... positive AOAs, the right (viewed from the rear) or downswinging blade, is passing through an area of resultant velocity, which is greater than that affecting the left or upswinging blade. Since the propeller blade is an airfoil, increased velocity means…