IL.VIII.A.S3

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-19
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Stop Bar Lights › New Lighting Technologies

  Lighting Technologies A top priority of the FAA is to continue to enhance airport safety while maintaining airport capacity. Reducing runway incursions is a major component of this effort. Runway incursions develop quickly and without warning during routine traffic situations ... airport surface, leaving little time for corrective action. The Runway Status Lights (RWSL) System is designed to provide a direct indication to you that it is unsafe to enter a runway, cross a runway, or takeoff from or land…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 4-3-11
  Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 3. Airport Operations › 4-3-6. Use of Runways/Declared Distances

  conducted at the time of landing must fall within the applicable declared distances before the pilot can accept that runway for takeoff or landing. (c) Runway design standards may impose restrictions on the amount of runway available ... takeoff and landing that are not apparent from the reported physical length of the runway or from runway markings and lighting. The runway elements of Runway Safety Area (RSA), Runway Object Free Area (ROFA), and Runway Protection Zone…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. PCG T-9
  Pilot/Controller Glossary › T

  Upwind Leg- A flight path that begins after departure and continues straight ahead along the extended runway centerline. Upwind leg is an extension of departure and is used when issuing control instructions for separation, spacing or sequencing. b. Crosswind ... flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its upwind end. c. Downwind Leg- A flight path parallel to the landing runway in the direction opposite to landing. The downwind leg normally extends between the crosswind…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-13
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Runway Surface and Gradient

  Ensure that runways are adequate in length for takeoff acceleration and landing deceleration when less than ideal surface conditions are being reported. Figure 11-15. Takeoff distance chart. The gradient or slope of the runway is the amount of change ... runway height over the length of the runway. The gradient is expressed as a percentage, such as a 3 percent gradient. This means that for every 100 feet of runway length, the runway height changes by 3 feet. A positive…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 7-6-7
  Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards › 7-6-8. Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports

  airplane achieves 70 percent of liftoff airspeed by the midpoint, the condition of the remainder of the runway may not allow further acceleration. The entire length of the runway should be inspected prior to takeoff to ensure a usable surface ... This “rule of thumb” applies only to runway required for actual liftoff. In the event that obstacles affect the takeoff climb path, appropriate distance must be available after liftoff to accelerate to best angle of climb speed and to clear…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 1-12
  Chapter 1: Introduction to Flight Training › Safety Considerations › Runway Incursion Avoidance

  Runway Incursion Avoidance A runway incursion is any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, landing ... intending to land. The three major areas contributing to runway incursions are communications, airport knowledge, and flight deck procedures for maintaining orientation. [Figure 1-12] Figure 1-12. Three major areas contributing to runway incursions are communications with air traffic…