IL.VIII.B.K4

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 3-7
  Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction › Alternate Types of Wings › The Powerplant

  help cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders. The propeller, mounted on the front of the engine, translates the rotating force of the engine into thrust, a forward acting force that helps move the airplane through ... propeller’s airfoil, and low pressure is produced at the face of the propeller, similar to the way lift is generated by an airfoil used as a lifting surface or wing. This pressure differential develops thrust from the propeller, which…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-23
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Climbs

  execute a standard-rate turn (3° per second). At this angle of bank, only about 79 percent of the lift of the aircraft comprises the vertical component of the lift. This causes a loss of altitude unless ... increased sufficiently to compensate for the loss of vertical lift. Forces in Climbs For all practical purposes, the wing’s lift in a steady state normal climb is the same as it is in a steady level flight…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-4
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Lift

  Conversely, as the aircraft is slowed, the decreasing velocity requires increasing the AOA to maintain lift sufficient to maintain flight. There is, of course, a limit to how far the AOA can be increased, if a stall ... flight (true only if maintaining level flight). Since an airfoil always stalls at the same AOA, if increasing weight, lift must also be increased. The only method of increasing lift is by increasing velocity if the AOA is held constant…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 4-7
  Chapter 4: Principles of Flight › Airfoil Design

  wing is constructed in such form that it causes a lift force greater than the weight of the aircraft, the aircraft will fly. If all the lift required were obtained merely from the deflection of air by the lower surface ... wing, an aircraft would only need a flat wing like a kite. However, the balance of the lift needed to support the aircraft comes from the flow of air above the wing. Herein lies the key to flight…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-25
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Stalls

  confuse a reduction in lift with the inability to generate sufficient lift to maintain level flight. The flight path is being manipulated with available thrust in reserve and with the elevator. To descend at the same airspeed as used ... flight path decreases as the angle of descent decreases. Stalls An aircraft stall results from a rapid decrease in lift caused by the separation of airflow from the wing’s surface brought on by exceeding the critical AOA. A stall…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 2-21
  Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Forward Flight › Effective Translational Lift (ETL)

  Translational Lift Improved rotor efficiency resulting from directional flight is called translational lift. The efficiency of the hovering rotor disk is greatly improved with each knot of incoming wind gained by horizontal movement of the aircraft or surface wind ... efficiency of the tail rotor. Figure 2-38. To compensate for blowback, you must move the cyclic forward. Effective Translational Lift (ETL) While transitioning to forward flight at about 16 to 24 knots, the helicopter goes through effective translational lift…