IL.VIII.B.R5f

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-42
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Weight on Aircraft Structure

  weight and balance limitations of the aircraft being flown and the reasons for these limitations. Effect of Weight on Aircraft Structure The effect of additional weight on the wing structure of an aircraft is not readily apparent. Airworthiness requirements prescribe ... means that the primary structure of the aircraft can withstand a load of 3.8 times the approved gross weight of the aircraft without structural failure occurring. If this is accepted as indicative of the load factors that may be imposed…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-24
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Climbs

  maintain the same airspeed in a climb. When the flight path is inclined upward, a component of the aircraft’s weight acts in the same direction as, and parallel to, the total drag of the aircraft, thereby increasing the total ... thrust. [Figure 5-37] Due to momentum, the change in airspeed is gradual, varying considerably with differences in aircraft size, weight, total drag, and other factors. Consequently, the total effective drag is greater than the thrust, and the airspeed decreases…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-2
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Effects of Weight

  particular aircraft being flown. Preflight planning should include a check of performance charts to determine if the aircraft’s weight may contribute to hazardous flight operations. Excessive weight in itself reduces the safety margins available to the pilot and becomes ... fails on takeoff or airframe ice forms at low altitude, it is usually too late to reduce an aircraft’s weight to keep it in the air. Weight Changes The operating weight of an aircraft can be changed by simply…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 16-17
  Chapter 16: Navigation › Flight Planning › Airplane Flight Manual or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (AFM/POH)

  Aircraft Flight Manual or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (AFM/POH) should be checked to determine the proper loading of the aircraft (weight and balance data). The weight of the usable fuel and drainable oil aboard must be known. Also, check ... weight of the passengers, the weight of all baggage to be carried, and the empty weight of the aircraft to be sure that the total weight does not exceed the maximum allowable weight. The distribution of the load must…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-8
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance Factors

  maximum ROC performance decreases under any of these conditions. Weight has a very pronounced effect on aircraft performance. If weight is added to an aircraft, it must fly at a higher AOA to maintain a given altitude and speed. This ... weight, since it has such a marked effect on the factors pertaining to performance. A change in an aircraft’s weight produces a twofold effect on climb performance. First, a change in weight changes the drag and the power required…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 10-10
  Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Determining Loaded Weight and CG › Weight Shifting

  compartments, weight may be shifted from one to the other to change the CG. If starting with a known aircraft weight, CG, and total moments, calculate the new CG (after the weight shift) by dividing the new total moments ... total aircraft weight. Figure 10-10. Sample weight and balance using a negative. Figure 10-11. Sample weight and balance using an aircraft with a published zero fuel weight…