IL.VIII.C.K3

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-37
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Vg Diagram

  Diagram The flight operating strength of an aircraft is presented on a graph whose vertical scale is based on load factor. [Figure 5-55] The diagram is called a Vg diagram—velocity versus G loads or load factor. Each aircraft ... diagram that is valid at a certain weight and altitude. The lines of maximum lift capability (curved lines) are the first items of importance on the Vg diagram. The aircraft in Figure 5-53 is capable of developing no more…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-36
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers

  Spins Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers Critical load factors apply to all flight maneuvers except unaccelerated straight flight where a load factor of 1 G is always present. Certain maneuvers considered in this section are known to involve relatively high ... load factors. Full application of pitch, roll, or yaw controls should be confined to speeds below the maneuvering speed. Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g., large sideslip…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-8
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance Factors

  Climb Performance Factors Since weight, altitude and configuration changes affect excess thrust and power, they also affect climb performance. Climb performance is directly dependent upon the ability to produce either excess thrust or excess power. Earlier in the book ... Aircraft designers go to great lengths to minimize the weight, since it has such a marked effect on the factors pertaining to performance. A change in an aircraft’s weight produces a twofold effect on climb performance. First, a change…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-6
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance

  stored energy of position. Figure 11-6. Power versus speed. Aircraft motion (KE) is described by its velocity (airspeed). Aircraft position (PE) is described by its height (altitude). Both KE and PE are directly proportional to the object’s mass ... directly proportional to the square of the object’s velocity (airspeed). PE is directly proportional to the object’s height (altitude). The formulas below summarize these energy relationships: KE = ½ × m × v2 m = object mass v = object velocity m = object mass…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-34
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Load Factors in Steep Turns

  Load Factors in Steep Turns At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies ... airspeed—the higher the speed, the slower the ROT. This compensates for added centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same. Figure 5-52. Two forces cause load factor during turns. Figure 5-53 reveals an important fact…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 7-2
  Chapter 7: Helicopter Performance › Factors Affecting Performance › Moisture (Humidity)

  Factors Affecting Performance A helicopter’s performance is dependent on the power output of the engine and the lift produced by the rotors, whether it is the main rotor(s) or tail rotor. Any factor that affects engine and rotor ... efficiency affects performance. The three major factors that affect performance are density altitude, weight, and wind. The Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25 (as revised), discusses these factors in great detail. Moisture (Humidity) Humidity alone…