IL.VIII.D.R2e

From the FAA library

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 7-4-4
  Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 4. Wake Turbulence › 7-4-4. Vortex Behavior

  Vortex Movement Near Ground - with Cross Winds 5. Pilots should be alert at all times for possible wake vortex encounters when conducting approach and landing operations. The pilot is ultimately responsible for maintaining an appropriate interval, and should consider ... vortices can rise with the air mass in which they are embedded. The effects of wind shear can cause vortex flow field “tilting.” In addition, ambient thermal lifting and orographic effects (rising terrain or tree lines) can cause a vortex…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 7-4-1
  Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 4. Wake Turbulence › 7-4-3. Vortex Strength

  Vortex Strength a. Weight, speed, wingspan, and shape of the generating aircraft’s wing all govern the strength of the vortex. The vortex characteristics of any given aircraft can also be changed by extension of flaps or other wing configuring ... devices. However, the vortex strength from an aircraft increases proportionately to an increase in operating weight or a decrease in aircraft speed. Since the turbulence from a “dirty” aircraft configuration hastens wake decay, the greatest vortex strength occurs when…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 5-6-7
  Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 6. National Security and Interception Procedures › 5-6-8. Foreign State Aircraft Operations

  paragraph 5-6-4 and any other national security requirements in paragraph 5-6-2. b. Diplomatic Clearances. Foreign state aircraft may operate to or from, within, or in transit of U.S. territorial airspace only when authorized ... State Department by means of a diplomatic clearance, except as described in subparagraph 5-6-8i below. 1. Information about diplomatic clearances is available at the U.S. State Department website https://www.state.gov/diplomatic-aircraft-clearance-procedures-for-foreign-state-aircraft-to-operate-in-united-states-national-airspace/ (lower case only). 2. A diplomatic…

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 5-2-4
  Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 2. Departure Procedures › 5-2-6. Abbreviated IFR Departure Clearance (Cleared. . .as Filed) Procedures

  issued will include the destination airport filed in the flight plan. d. ATC procedures now require the controller to state the DP name, the current number and the DP transition name after the phrase “Cleared to (destination) airport” and prior ... flight plan, are considered a part of the filed route of flight and will not normally be stated in an initial departure clearance. If the ARTCC’s jurisdictional airspace includes both the departure airport and the fix where a STAR…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 11-9
  Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Vortex Ring State

  helicopter begins to descend vertically, it settles into its own downwash, which greatly enlarges the tip vortices. In this vortex ring state, most of the power developed by the engine is wasted in circulating the air in a doughnut pattern ... result, the airflow of the inner blade sections is upward relative to the disk. This produces a secondary vortex ring in addition to the normal tip vortices. The secondary vortex ring is generated about the point on the blade where…